Question 1

In the malate aspartate shuttle, _____ is transferred into the mitochondria, and _____ is transferred to the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH; NAD+ 
B)  NAD+; NADH 
C)  malate; oxaloacetate 
D)  malate; aspartate 
E)  oxaloacetate; aspartate 
A)  NADH; NAD+ 
B)  NAD+; NADH 
C)  malate; oxaloacetate 
D)  malate; aspartate 
E)  oxaloacetate; aspartate

Question 2

The cytochromes within Complex III all contain _____ groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cytochromes within Complex III all contain...

Question 3

Which of the following condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  cis-aconitate 
C)  carboxybiotin 
D)  oxalosuccinate 
E)  succinyl-phosphate 
A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  cis-aconitate 
C)  carboxybiotin 
D)  oxalosuccinate 
E)  succinyl-phosphate

Question 4

Which of the following is activated by ADP?

Accepted Answer

A)  malate dehydrogenase 
B)  aconitase 
C)  isocitrate dehydrogenase 
D)  citrate synthase 
E)  succinyl-CoA synthetase 
A)  malate dehydrogenase 
B)  aconitase 
C)  isocitrate dehydrogenase 
D)  citrate synthase 
E)  succinyl-CoA synthetase

Question 5

Complexes I and II each transfer electrons to ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complexes I and II each transfer electrons...

Question 6

If acetyl-CoA labeled with 14C, as shown in the figure to the right, were used as the substrate for the citric acid cycle, which of the following intermediates would be produced during the first round of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 7

Which of the following occurs when the catalytic subunit of ATP synthase is in the loose state?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP and Pi bind. 
B)  ADP and Pi are converted to ATP. 
C)  ATP is hydrolyzed. 
D)  ATP is released. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ADP and Pi bind. 
B)  ADP and Pi are converted to ATP. 
C)  ATP is hydrolyzed. 
D)  ATP is released. 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ 
B)  FAD 
C)  ubiquinone 
D)  varies from one organism to another 
E)  none of the above 
A)  NAD+ 
B)  FAD 
C)  ubiquinone 
D)  varies from one organism to another 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Ubiquinone is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and cytochrome c is found in the matrix.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following results from the first round of the Q cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  two reduced cytochrome c and one ubiquinone 
B)  one reduced cytochrome c and one ubiquinone 
C)  one reduced cytochrome c, one reduced cytochrome B and one ubiquinone 
D)  two reduced cytochrome c and one ubiquinol 
E)  one reduced cytochrome c and one semiquinone 
A)  two reduced cytochrome c and one ubiquinone 
B)  one reduced cytochrome c and one ubiquinone 
C)  one reduced cytochrome c, one reduced cytochrome B and one ubiquinone 
D)  two reduced cytochrome c and one ubiquinol 
E)  one reduced cytochrome c and one semiquinone

Question 11

How many protons are transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space by Complex I?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8 
A)  0 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8

Question 12

What shuttle mechanism transfers cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria with a loss of reductive power, with the electrons entering the electron transport chain as ubiquinol instead of NADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle 
B)  alanine aminotransferase shuttle 
C)  malate-aspartate shuttle 
D)  adenine nucleotide shuttle 
E)  none of the above 
A)  glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle 
B)  alanine aminotransferase shuttle 
C)  malate-aspartate shuttle 
D)  adenine nucleotide shuttle 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

For every two electrons transferred from NADH to oxygen, _____ protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  10 
E)  12 
A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  10 
E)  12

Question 14

Which of the following can cause a large increase in the activity of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by ADP 
B)  activation of $\alpha$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by Ca2+ 
C)  increasing concentrations of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase 
D)  increasing concentrations of $\alpha$-ketoglutarate by transamination 
E)  all of the above 
A)  activation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by ADP 
B)  activation of $\alpha$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by Ca2+ 
C)  increasing concentrations of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase 
D)  increasing concentrations of $\alpha$-ketoglutarate by transamination 
E)  all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is an anaplerotic reaction that is often used in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA 
B)  conversion of $\alpha$-ketoglutarate to glutamic acid 
C)  conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA 
D)  conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate 
E)  conversion of succinyl-CoA to heme 
A)  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA 
B)  conversion of $\alpha$-ketoglutarate to glutamic acid 
C)  conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA 
D)  conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate 
E)  conversion of succinyl-CoA to heme

Question 16

If the $\Delta$G for the oxidation of NADH by oxygen is -220 kJ/mol and the $\Delta$G for transport of H+ across the inner membrane is 20 kJ/mol, what is the efficiency for energy captured in the proton gradient versus energy evolved from NADH oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A)  9.1% 
B)  36% 
C)  45% 
D)  73% 
E)  91% 
A)  9.1% 
B)  36% 
C)  45% 
D)  73% 
E)  91%

Question 17

______ is the first compound that is oxidized in the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ is the first compound that is...

Question 18

Complex III accepts electrons from _____ and transfers them to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytochrome c; cytochrome a 
B)  ubiquinol; cytochrome c 
C)  ubiquinone; cytochrome c 
D)  ubiquinol; cytochrome b 
E)  ubiquinone; cytochrome a 
A)  cytochrome c; cytochrome a 
B)  ubiquinol; cytochrome c 
C)  ubiquinone; cytochrome c 
D)  ubiquinol; cytochrome b 
E)  ubiquinone; cytochrome a

Question 19

The reduction potentials of all prosthetic groups of Complex I have reduction potentials between _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+; ubiquinone 
B)  NADH; ubiquinol 
C)  FAD; ubiquinone 
D)  ubiquinone; oxygen 
E)  ubiquinone; cytochrome c 
A)  NAD+; ubiquinone 
B)  NADH; ubiquinol 
C)  FAD; ubiquinone 
D)  ubiquinone; oxygen 
E)  ubiquinone; cytochrome c

Question 20

______ is used in the first reaction of the citric acid cycle and regenerated upon completion of one turn of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ is used in the first reaction...

Exam 7: The Common Catabolic Pathway

In the malate aspartate shuttle, _____ is transferred into the mitochondria, and _____ is transferred to the cytosol.

The cytochromes within Complex III all contain _____ groups.

Which of the following condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate?

Which of the following is activated by ADP?

Complexes I and II each transfer electrons to ______.

If acetyl-CoA labeled with 14C, as shown in the figure to the right, were used as the substrate for the citric acid cycle, which of the following intermediates would be produced during the first round of the cycle?

Which of the following occurs when the catalytic subunit of ATP synthase is in the loose state?

What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

Ubiquinone is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and cytochrome c is found in the matrix.

Which of the following results from the first round of the Q cycle?

How many protons are transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space by Complex I?

What shuttle mechanism transfers cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria with a loss of reductive power, with the electrons entering the electron transport chain as ubiquinol instead of NADH?

For every two electrons transferred from NADH to oxygen, _____ protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Which of the following can cause a large increase in the activity of the citric acid cycle?

Which of the following is an anaplerotic reaction that is often used in the cell?

If the Δ\DeltaΔ G for the oxidation of NADH by oxygen is -220 kJ/mol and the Δ\DeltaΔ G for transport of H+ across the inner membrane is 20 kJ/mol, what is the efficiency for energy captured in the proton gradient versus energy evolved from NADH oxidation?

______ is the first compound that is oxidized in the citric acid cycle.

Complex III accepts electrons from _____ and transfers them to _____.

The reduction potentials of all prosthetic groups of Complex I have reduction potentials between _____ and _____.

______ is used in the first reaction of the citric acid cycle and regenerated upon completion of one turn of the citric acid cycle.

The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Proteins I

Proteins Iienzymes

Membranes and an Introduction to Signal Transduction

Carbohydrates I

Carbohydrates II

Lipids I

Lipids II

Amine Metabolism

Metabolism Integration

Nucleotide Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

Rna Synthesis

Protein

Control of Gene

Determination of Macromolecular Structure

Allosterism and Receptor-Ligand

Designer Proteins and Protein Folding

Biomolecule Purification

Bioinformatics and Omics

Signal

Protein Trafficking

Photosynthesis Nitrogen

Filters

In the malate aspartate shuttle, _ is transferred into the mitochondria, and _ is transferred to the cytosol.

If acetyl-CoA labeled with ¹⁴C, as shown in the figure to the right, were used as the substrate for the citric acid cycle, which of the following intermediates would be produced during the first round of the cycle?

If the $\Delta$ G for the oxidation of NADH by oxygen is -220 kJ/mol and the $\Delta$ G for transport of H⁺ across the inner membrane is 20 kJ/mol, what is the efficiency for energy captured in the proton gradient versus energy evolved from NADH oxidation?

Complex III accepts electrons from _ and transfers them to _.

The reduction potentials of all prosthetic groups of Complex I have reduction potentials between _ and _.