Question 1

The kidney has a small amount of gluconeogenic activity. Which of the following explains the source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of aspartate into oxaloacetate 
B)  conversion of citrate into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate 
C)  conversion of odd-chain fatty acids into succinyl-CoA 
D)  conversion of alanine into pyruvate 
E)  conversion of glutamine into glutamic acid, then to $\alpha$-ketoglutarate 
A)  conversion of aspartate into oxaloacetate 
B)  conversion of citrate into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate 
C)  conversion of odd-chain fatty acids into succinyl-CoA 
D)  conversion of alanine into pyruvate 
E)  conversion of glutamine into glutamic acid, then to $\alpha$-ketoglutarate E

Question 2

______ is the degradation product of glucose, fatty acids, and ketogenic amino acids.

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 3

Pancreatic cells secrete _____ in response to ____ glucose levels in the liver.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin; low 
B)  insulin; elevated 
C)  glucagon; low 
D)  glucagon; elevated 
E)  somatostatin; elevated 
A)  insulin; low 
B)  insulin; elevated 
C)  glucagon; low 
D)  glucagon; elevated 
E)  somatostatin; elevated C

Question 4

During a long-term fast, which of the following is a major source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactate 
B)  acetoacetate 
C)  3-hydroxybutyrate 
D)  acetone 
E)  glycerol 
A)  lactate 
B)  acetoacetate 
C)  3-hydroxybutyrate 
D)  acetone 
E)  glycerol

Question 5

Following prolonged starvation, _____ are used as fuel by the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following prolonged starvation, _____ are used as...

Question 6

The endocrine glands secrete _____, which results in numerous cellular responses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The endocrine glands secrete _____, which results...

Question 7

What metabolite is used in unusually high amounts by cancerous tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactate 
B)  glutamine 
C)  glucose 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  very long chain fatty acids 
A)  lactate 
B)  glutamine 
C)  glucose 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  very long chain fatty acids

Question 8

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs exclusively in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A)  citric acid cycle 
B)  ketogenesis 
C)  urea cycle 
D)  amino acid degradation 
E)  fatty acid synthesis 
A)  citric acid cycle 
B)  ketogenesis 
C)  urea cycle 
D)  amino acid degradation 
E)  fatty acid synthesis

Question 9

Where are the receptors for leptin and PYY3-36 located?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus 
B)  pancreas 
C)  liver 
D)  adipose tissue 
E)  intestine 
A)  hypothalamus 
B)  pancreas 
C)  liver 
D)  adipose tissue 
E)  intestine

Question 10

After several days of fasting, the liver begins producing relatively large amounts of ketone bodies. Which type of tissue is highly dependent upon this as its sole source of energy in the absence of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart 
B)  kidney 
C)  skeletal muscle 
D)  brain 
E)  all of the above 
A)  heart 
B)  kidney 
C)  skeletal muscle 
D)  brain 
E)  all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following metabolic pathways is carried out only in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen storage 
B)  ketogenesis 
C)  fatty acid synthesis 
D)  triacylglycerol synthesis 
E)  pentose phosphate pathway 
A)  glycogen storage 
B)  ketogenesis 
C)  fatty acid synthesis 
D)  triacylglycerol synthesis 
E)  pentose phosphate pathway

Question 12

Adipocytes convert glucose into fatty acids and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol 
B)  cholesterol 
C)  ketone bodies 
D)  lactate 
E)  ribose-5-phosphate 
A)  glycerol 
B)  cholesterol 
C)  ketone bodies 
D)  lactate 
E)  ribose-5-phosphate

Question 13

Mice lacking the peptide hormone _____ are obese because their appetite is not blunted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mice lacking the peptide hormone _____ are...

Question 14

During starvation the _____ generate as much as 50% of the body's glucose supply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During starvation the _____ generate as much...

Question 15

In a variation of the Cori cycle, what amino acid is transported from the muscle to the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine 
B)  glutamate 
C)  aspartate 
D)  alanine 
E)  glutamine 
A)  glycine 
B)  glutamate 
C)  aspartate 
D)  alanine 
E)  glutamine

Question 16

What hormone is commonly produced in typical body fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin 
B)  resistin 
C)  neuropeptide Y 
D)  ghrelin 
E)  cholecystokinin 
A)  leptin 
B)  resistin 
C)  neuropeptide Y 
D)  ghrelin 
E)  cholecystokinin

Question 17

In a diabetic liver, which of the following pathways would be constantly active?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen synthesis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  fatty acid synthesis 
D)  ketone body oxidation 
E)  glycolysis 
A)  glycogen synthesis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  fatty acid synthesis 
D)  ketone body oxidation 
E)  glycolysis

Question 18

The _____ stores very little glycogen and therefore requires a steady supply of glucose from the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ stores very little glycogen and...

Question 19

What hormone that is produced in adipose tissue signals satiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  adiponectin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  leptin 
D)  ghrelin 
E)  amylin 
A)  adiponectin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  leptin 
D)  ghrelin 
E)  amylin

Exam 12: Metabolism Integration

The kidney has a small amount of gluconeogenic activity. Which of the following explains the source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

______ is the degradation product of glucose, fatty acids, and ketogenic amino acids.

Pancreatic cells secrete _____ in response to ____ glucose levels in the liver.

During a long-term fast, which of the following is a major source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

Following prolonged starvation, _____ are used as fuel by the brain.

The endocrine glands secrete _____, which results in numerous cellular responses.

What metabolite is used in unusually high amounts by cancerous tumors?

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs exclusively in the cytosol?

Where are the receptors for leptin and PYY3-36 located?

After several days of fasting, the liver begins producing relatively large amounts of ketone bodies. Which type of tissue is highly dependent upon this as its sole source of energy in the absence of glucose?

Which of the following metabolic pathways is carried out only in the liver?

Adipocytes convert glucose into fatty acids and _____.

Mice lacking the peptide hormone _____ are obese because their appetite is not blunted.

During starvation the _____ generate as much as 50% of the body's glucose supply.

In a variation of the Cori cycle, what amino acid is transported from the muscle to the liver?

What hormone is commonly produced in typical body fat?

In a diabetic liver, which of the following pathways would be constantly active?

The _____ stores very little glycogen and therefore requires a steady supply of glucose from the blood.

What hormone that is produced in adipose tissue signals satiety?

The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Proteins I

Proteins Iienzymes

Membranes and an Introduction to Signal Transduction

Carbohydrates I

The Common Catabolic Pathway

Carbohydrates II

Lipids I

Lipids II

Amine Metabolism

Nucleotide Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

Rna Synthesis

Protein

Control of Gene

Determination of Macromolecular Structure

Allosterism and Receptor-Ligand

Designer Proteins and Protein Folding

Biomolecule Purification

Bioinformatics and Omics

Signal

Protein Trafficking

Photosynthesis Nitrogen

Filters

Pancreatic cells secrete _ in response to glucose levels in the liver.

Where are the receptors for leptin and PYY_3-36 located?