Question 1

Describe how clonal selection works to give both primary and secondary immune responses.

Accepted Answer

Clonal selection is a process that occur

Question 2

Immune defense against cancer depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of inteferon. 
B)  the presence of macrophages. 
C)  the presence of cytotoxic cells. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  the release of inteferon. 
B)  the presence of macrophages. 
C)  the presence of cytotoxic cells. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these.

Question 3

Although many cells undergo mutation during an animal's lifetime, malignancy is rare since

Accepted Answer

A)  only a small fraction of the genome encodes proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, so the probability of mutation of these genes is low. 
B)  generally multiple mutations are required to turn a normal cell into a cancer cell. 
C)  immune surveillance results in nascent cancer cells being eliminated by cytotoxic T-cells. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  only a small fraction of the genome encodes proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, so the probability of mutation of these genes is low. 
B)  generally multiple mutations are required to turn a normal cell into a cancer cell. 
C)  immune surveillance results in nascent cancer cells being eliminated by cytotoxic T-cells. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these.

Question 4

The ________ is/are the origin of all leukocytes.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph nodes 
B)  spleen 
C)  tonsils 
D)  bone marrow 
E)  thymus 
A)  lymph nodes 
B)  spleen 
C)  tonsils 
D)  bone marrow 
E)  thymus

Question 5

Although B-cells (as plasma cells) are specialized to secrete antibodies, they require the assistance of a number of other types of cells, including

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages. 
B)  dendritic cells. 
C)  T-helper cells. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  macrophages. 
B)  dendritic cells. 
C)  T-helper cells. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these.

Question 6

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Thymus

Accepted Answer

A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells 
A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells

Question 7

Released by cells as part of the nonspecific, second line of defense against infection, interferon functions in

Accepted Answer

A)  interfering with the replication of extracellular bacteria. 
B)  inhibiting replication of viruses in cells infected with them. 
C)  preventing viruses from adhering to the cell surface and injecting their genetic material. 
D)  is a cytokine that blocks replication of virally infected cells. 
E)  more than one of these. 
A)  interfering with the replication of extracellular bacteria. 
B)  inhibiting replication of viruses in cells infected with them. 
C)  preventing viruses from adhering to the cell surface and injecting their genetic material. 
D)  is a cytokine that blocks replication of virally infected cells. 
E)  more than one of these.

Question 8

________ is a hormone responsible for maintaining T-cell lineages.

Accepted Answer

A)  Interferon 
B)  Cathelicidin 
C)  Thymosin 
D)  Erythropoietin 
E)  Insulin 
A)  Interferon 
B)  Cathelicidin 
C)  Thymosin 
D)  Erythropoietin 
E)  Insulin

Question 9

Immune tolerance preventing a normal immune system from attacking the individual's own tissues involves

Accepted Answer

A)  clonal deletion. 
B)  clonal anergy. 
C)  receptor editing. 
D)  immunological ignorance. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  clonal deletion. 
B)  clonal anergy. 
C)  receptor editing. 
D)  immunological ignorance. 
E)  all of these.

Question 10

The specificity of an antibody for its antigen is determined by the

Accepted Answer

A)  structure of the arm region of the "Y." 
B)  structure of the tail region of the "Y." 
C)  Fc region of the antibody. 
D)  variability between the arm and tail region of the "Y". 
E)  process of optimization during development. 
A)  structure of the arm region of the "Y." 
B)  structure of the tail region of the "Y." 
C)  Fc region of the antibody. 
D)  variability between the arm and tail region of the "Y". 
E)  process of optimization during development.

Question 11

The Toll-like receptors of the innate system bind numerous generic markers on
 microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Interleukin-2

Accepted Answer

A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells 
A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells

Question 13

Immune privilege refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the existence of an immune system in a limited number of taxa. 
B)  the inhibition throughout life of immune cells that are specific for the body's own tissues. 
C)  the ability of the eyes to escape immune attack. 
D)  two of these. 
A)  the existence of an immune system in a limited number of taxa. 
B)  the inhibition throughout life of immune cells that are specific for the body's own tissues. 
C)  the ability of the eyes to escape immune attack. 
D)  two of these.

Question 14

Carotenoids suppress inflammatory reactions in birds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

As a part of their specific immune defenses Drosophila rely on

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome cell-adhesion molecule receptors. 
B)  amoebocytes. 
C)  Toll receptors. 
D)  drosomycins. 
E)  two of these. 
A)  Down syndrome cell-adhesion molecule receptors. 
B)  amoebocytes. 
C)  Toll receptors. 
D)  drosomycins. 
E)  two of these.

Question 16

Until recently, acquired immunity was thought to only occur in jawed vertebrates. Which of the following observations suggest that this is NOT the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenoloxidase activity enables hemocytes to form an impermeable wall of melanin around an infecting pathogen. 
B)  Invertebrate immune cells secrete an IL-1 like compound. 
C)  Invertebrates produce lectins, which coat bacterial cells, priming them for phagocytosis. 
D)  Copepods become resistant to tapeworms after an initial exposure. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Phenoloxidase activity enables hemocytes to form an impermeable wall of melanin around an infecting pathogen. 
B)  Invertebrate immune cells secrete an IL-1 like compound. 
C)  Invertebrates produce lectins, which coat bacterial cells, priming them for phagocytosis. 
D)  Copepods become resistant to tapeworms after an initial exposure. 
E)  None of these.

Question 17

The secretion of histamine by mast cells causes

Accepted Answer

A)  vasodilation, bringing phagocytic cells to the site of infection. 
B)  invading bacterial cells to lyse. 
C)  invading bacterial cells to coagulate. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  vasodilation, bringing phagocytic cells to the site of infection. 
B)  invading bacterial cells to lyse. 
C)  invading bacterial cells to coagulate. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these.

Question 18

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Bone marrow

Accepted Answer

A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells 
A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells

Question 19

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Allergy

Accepted Answer

A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells 
A)  nonspecific response 
B)  specific response 
C)  T-cell 
D)  B-cell 
E)  IgE
F) Helper T-cells
G) T-cell growth factor
H) HIV
I) virtually all nucleated body cells
J) special types of immune cells

Question 20

SALT refers to the epidermal components of the immune system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Describe how clonal selection works to give both primary and secondary immune responses.

Immune defense against cancer depends on

Although many cells undergo mutation during an animal's lifetime, malignancy is rare since

The ________ is/are the origin of all leukocytes.

Although B-cells (as plasma cells) are specialized to secrete antibodies, they require the assistance of a number of other types of cells, including

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Thymus

Released by cells as part of the nonspecific, second line of defense against infection, interferon functions in

________ is a hormone responsible for maintaining T-cell lineages.

Immune tolerance preventing a normal immune system from attacking the individual's own tissues involves

The specificity of an antibody for its antigen is determined by the

The Toll-like receptors of the innate system bind numerous generic markers on microorganisms.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Interleukin-2

Immune privilege refers to

Carotenoids suppress inflammatory reactions in birds.

As a part of their specific immune defenses Drosophila rely on

Until recently, acquired immunity was thought to only occur in jawed vertebrates. Which of the following observations suggest that this is NOT the case?

The secretion of histamine by mast cells causes

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Bone marrow

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Allergy

SALT refers to the epidermal components of the immune system.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

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Exam 10: Defense Systems

Describe how clonal selection works to give both primary and secondary immune responses.

Immune defense against cancer depends on

Although many cells undergo mutation during an animal's lifetime, malignancy is rare since

The ________ is/are the origin of all leukocytes.

Although B-cells (as plasma cells) are specialized to secrete antibodies, they require the assistance of a number of other types of cells, including

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Thymus

Released by cells as part of the nonspecific, second line of defense against infection, interferon functions in

________ is a hormone responsible for maintaining T-cell lineages.

Immune tolerance preventing a normal immune system from attacking the individual's own tissues involves

The specificity of an antibody for its antigen is determined by the

The Toll-like receptors of the innate system bind numerous generic markers on microorganisms.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Interleukin-2

Immune privilege refers to

Carotenoids suppress inflammatory reactions in birds.

As a part of their specific immune defenses Drosophila rely on

Until recently, acquired immunity was thought to only occur in jawed vertebrates. Which of the following observations suggest that this is NOT the case?

The secretion of histamine by mast cells causes

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Bone marrow

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Allergy

SALT refers to the epidermal components of the immune system.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters