Question 1

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Carbonic anhydrase

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe renal failure 
B)  Excretion of salt by marine birds and reptiles 
C)  Mediates interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonates in RBC 
D)  Fish odor 
E)  Special cells in the gills of marine fish
F) Decaying sea weeds
G) Strict osmoconformers
H) Osmoregulators with tolerance for different salinities
I) Fresh water organisms
J) Marine bony fishes 
A)  Severe renal failure 
B)  Excretion of salt by marine birds and reptiles 
C)  Mediates interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonates in RBC 
D)  Fish odor 
E)  Special cells in the gills of marine fish
F) Decaying sea weeds
G) Strict osmoconformers
H) Osmoregulators with tolerance for different salinities
I) Fresh water organisms
J) Marine bony fishes H

Question 2

A cold water fish will have a lower internal pH than a warm water fish.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The major source of hydrogen ions in the body is

Accepted Answer

A)  dietary intake of acids such citric acid and acetic acids. 
B)  phosphoric acids and sulfuric acids formed by protein metabolism. 
C)  fatty acid metabolites such as keto acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration. 
E)  hydrochloric acid produced by gastric glands. 
A)  dietary intake of acids such citric acid and acetic acids. 
B)  phosphoric acids and sulfuric acids formed by protein metabolism. 
C)  fatty acid metabolites such as keto acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration. 
E)  hydrochloric acid produced by gastric glands. D

Question 4

Insects prevent water loss and disturbance in the osmotic balance in cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  having a water-proof cell wall around each cell. 
B)  having a cuticle that makes the body water-proof. 
C)  having an outer epidermis made of keratinized cells. 
D)  having equal concentration of molecules in ECF and ICF. 
A)  having a water-proof cell wall around each cell. 
B)  having a cuticle that makes the body water-proof. 
C)  having an outer epidermis made of keratinized cells. 
D)  having equal concentration of molecules in ECF and ICF.

Question 5

In vertebrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the ECF and ICF have the same composition. 
B)  the plasma and the interstitial fluid have similar composition. 
C)  the cellular proteins freely permeate into the ECF from ICF. 
D)  the concentration of sodium ions and potassium ions in ECF and ICF is the same. 
E)  all these. 
A)  the ECF and ICF have the same composition. 
B)  the plasma and the interstitial fluid have similar composition. 
C)  the cellular proteins freely permeate into the ECF from ICF. 
D)  the concentration of sodium ions and potassium ions in ECF and ICF is the same. 
E)  all these.

Question 6

Vasopressin and thirst are inhibited when

Accepted Answer

A)  ECF increases. 
B)  plasma volume increases. 
C)  arterial blood pressure is raised. 
D)  ECF and plasma volumes increase 
E)  all of these. 
A)  ECF increases. 
B)  plasma volume increases. 
C)  arterial blood pressure is raised. 
D)  ECF and plasma volumes increase 
E)  all of these.

Question 7

Osmoregulators:

Accepted Answer

A)  change the ECF osmotic pressure when osmotic pressure in the surrounding water changes. 
B)  have to regulate ICF organic osmolytes to counteract cell volume changes. 
C)  maintain a relatively steady ECF osmotic pressure even when the osmotic pressure changes in the external environment. 
D)  are hyperosmotic in marine environments. 
E)  are hypo-osmotic in freshwater environments.. 
A)  change the ECF osmotic pressure when osmotic pressure in the surrounding water changes. 
B)  have to regulate ICF organic osmolytes to counteract cell volume changes. 
C)  maintain a relatively steady ECF osmotic pressure even when the osmotic pressure changes in the external environment. 
D)  are hyperosmotic in marine environments. 
E)  are hypo-osmotic in freshwater environments..

Question 8

Hyperosmotic regulation is found in all freshwater animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Marine sharks and rays

Accepted Answer

A)  are ureosmotic conformers. 
B)  are hyper-ionic osmoconformers. 
C)  have ICF and ECF with equal or slightly higher osmotic pressure than the sea water. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  are ureosmotic conformers. 
B)  are hyper-ionic osmoconformers. 
C)  have ICF and ECF with equal or slightly higher osmotic pressure than the sea water. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these.

Question 10

Fresh water vertebrates

Accepted Answer

A)  are hyper-osmotic regulators. 
B)  produce large volumes of hypotonic urine. 
C)  maintain lower internal osmolarities in order to minimize water intake. 
D)  are adapted to take in ions of sodium, chlorine and calcium by means of gills, chloride cells and moist skin. 
E)  all these. 
A)  are hyper-osmotic regulators. 
B)  produce large volumes of hypotonic urine. 
C)  maintain lower internal osmolarities in order to minimize water intake. 
D)  are adapted to take in ions of sodium, chlorine and calcium by means of gills, chloride cells and moist skin. 
E)  all these.

Question 11

Muscle is about _________ water.

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  45% 
C)  60% 
D)  75% 
E)  None of these. 
A)  25% 
B)  45% 
C)  60% 
D)  75% 
E)  None of these.

Question 12

When [H+] in the blood increases from the optimum

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney (renal) tubules remove hydrogen ions by tubular secretion. 
B)  kidney tubules retain more potassium ions than what the body needs. 
C)  retained potassium ions adversely affect cardiac functions. 
D)  kidney tubules secrete H+ and absorb K+. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  kidney (renal) tubules remove hydrogen ions by tubular secretion. 
B)  kidney tubules retain more potassium ions than what the body needs. 
C)  retained potassium ions adversely affect cardiac functions. 
D)  kidney tubules secrete H+ and absorb K+. 
E)  all of these.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

A)  organic osmolytes and compatible solutes 
B)  counteracting solute and TMAO 
C)  methylamine and proline 
D)  carbohydrate and myo-inositol 
E)  none of these. 
A)  organic osmolytes and compatible solutes 
B)  counteracting solute and TMAO 
C)  methylamine and proline 
D)  carbohydrate and myo-inositol 
E)  none of these.

Question 14

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Hyperosmotic regulators

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe renal failure 
B)  Excretion of salt by marine birds and reptiles 
C)  Mediates interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonates in RBC 
D)  Fish odor 
E)  Special cells in the gills of marine fish
F) Decaying sea weeds
G) Strict osmoconformers
H) Osmoregulators with tolerance for different salinities
I) Fresh water organisms
J) Marine bony fishes 
A)  Severe renal failure 
B)  Excretion of salt by marine birds and reptiles 
C)  Mediates interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonates in RBC 
D)  Fish odor 
E)  Special cells in the gills of marine fish
F) Decaying sea weeds
G) Strict osmoconformers
H) Osmoregulators with tolerance for different salinities
I) Fresh water organisms
J) Marine bony fishes

Question 15

Which among the following byproducts of bacterial action on an organic osmolyte in fish is used as an indicator of fish spoilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  ammonia 
C)  trimethylamine (TM
A)  
D)  dimethylsufoxide (DMS) 
E)  taurine 
A)  urea 
B)  ammonia 
C)  trimethylamine (TM
A)  
D)  dimethylsufoxide (DMS) 
E)  taurine

Question 16

Insects and arachnids get water from water vapor in humid air.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Compare and contrast the use of compatible and counteracting organic osmolytes by osmoconformers and discuss the impact these substances have on ECF and ICF.

Accepted Answer

Osmoconformers are organisms that mainta

Question 18

The net transfer of water between the interstitial fluid and ICF across the plasma membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  is mainly due to the difference in the osmotic force between the ICF and the interstitial fluid. 
B)  is controlled by the channel proteins in the plasma membrane. 
C)  is primarily due to the difference in the hydrostatic pressure between ICF and the interstitial fluid. 
D)  all these. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  is mainly due to the difference in the osmotic force between the ICF and the interstitial fluid. 
B)  is controlled by the channel proteins in the plasma membrane. 
C)  is primarily due to the difference in the hydrostatic pressure between ICF and the interstitial fluid. 
D)  all these. 
E)  none of these.

Question 19

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Euryhaline

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe renal failure 
B)  Excretion of salt by marine birds and reptiles 
C)  Mediates interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonates in RBC 
D)  Fish odor 
E)  Special cells in the gills of marine fish
F) Decaying sea weeds
G) Strict osmoconformers
H) Osmoregulators with tolerance for different salinities
I) Fresh water organisms
J) Marine bony fishes 
A)  Severe renal failure 
B)  Excretion of salt by marine birds and reptiles 
C)  Mediates interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonates in RBC 
D)  Fish odor 
E)  Special cells in the gills of marine fish
F) Decaying sea weeds
G) Strict osmoconformers
H) Osmoregulators with tolerance for different salinities
I) Fresh water organisms
J) Marine bony fishes

Question 20

Stenohaline osmoconformers such as sea anemones and sea stars

Accepted Answer

A)  can tolerate a wide range of osmotic changes in their marine environment. 
B)  have limited tolerance to changes in salinity of the surrounding sea water. 
C)  are adapted to live in marine and fresh water habitats. 
D)  use methylamines and amino acids in ECF to maintain osmotic balance. 
E)  regulate the osmolytes in ICF and ECF in order to survive extreme changes in salinity of sea water. 
A)  can tolerate a wide range of osmotic changes in their marine environment. 
B)  have limited tolerance to changes in salinity of the surrounding sea water. 
C)  are adapted to live in marine and fresh water habitats. 
D)  use methylamines and amino acids in ECF to maintain osmotic balance. 
E)  regulate the osmolytes in ICF and ECF in order to survive extreme changes in salinity of sea water.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Carbonic anhydrase

A cold water fish will have a lower internal pH than a warm water fish.

The major source of hydrogen ions in the body is

Insects prevent water loss and disturbance in the osmotic balance in cells by

In vertebrates

Vasopressin and thirst are inhibited when

Osmoregulators:

Hyperosmotic regulation is found in all freshwater animals.

Marine sharks and rays

Fresh water vertebrates

Muscle is about _________ water.

When [H⁺] in the blood increases from the optimum

Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Hyperosmotic regulators

Which among the following byproducts of bacterial action on an organic osmolyte in fish is used as an indicator of fish spoilage?

Insects and arachnids get water from water vapor in humid air.

Compare and contrast the use of compatible and counteracting organic osmolytes by osmoconformers and discuss the impact these substances have on ECF and ICF.

The net transfer of water between the interstitial fluid and ICF across the plasma membrane

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Euryhaline

Stenohaline osmoconformers such as sea anemones and sea stars

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Exam 13: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Carbonic anhydrase

A cold water fish will have a lower internal pH than a warm water fish.

The major source of hydrogen ions in the body is

Insects prevent water loss and disturbance in the osmotic balance in cells by

In vertebrates

Vasopressin and thirst are inhibited when

Osmoregulators:

Hyperosmotic regulation is found in all freshwater animals.

Marine sharks and rays

Fresh water vertebrates

Muscle is about _________ water.

When [H+] in the blood increases from the optimum

Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Hyperosmotic regulators

Which among the following byproducts of bacterial action on an organic osmolyte in fish is used as an indicator of fish spoilage?

Insects and arachnids get water from water vapor in humid air.

Compare and contrast the use of compatible and counteracting organic osmolytes by osmoconformers and discuss the impact these substances have on ECF and ICF.

The net transfer of water between the interstitial fluid and ICF across the plasma membrane

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Euryhaline

Stenohaline osmoconformers such as sea anemones and sea stars

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

When [H⁺] in the blood increases from the optimum