Exam 13: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Why do marine osmoconformers use organic osmolytes in their ICF to attain osmotic balance instead of the more easily available inorganic osmolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride ions?

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Freshwater animals have more NaCl in the ECF and little or no amino acid osmolyes in the ICF.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Uremic acidosis

Increase in ECF osmolarity

Excretory organs are the third line of defense against changes in [H⁺].

When sodium ions enter a cell

The most important factor regulating the mammalian ECF volume and blood pressure is

Mammalian herbivores

Compare and contrast sodium handling by chloride cells with sodium handling in the mammalian kidney.

How do stenohaline organisms maintain osmotic balance between their body fluid and the sea water surrounding them? Why do stenohaline organisms die when placed in fresh water?

pH of arterial blood is slightly higher than that of venous blood because

Citing examples, describe the differences between hypo-ionic osmoconformers and hypo-osmotic osmoregulators. Your answer should specify how each group attains osmotic balance.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Trimethalamine (TMA)

Animals living in intertidal zones are

To overcome long-term osmotic challenges caused by osmotic changes in the external environment, osmoconformers

Kidneys maintain acid-base balance in the body by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Salt glands

Blood plasma in birds is about ______ of the ECF.

Insects have a feedforward activity for regulating pH in anticipation of increased activity.