Question 1

Annetocin is an annelid hormone that is similar to vertebrate oxytocin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Somatostatin functions in glucose homeostasis by

Accepted Answer

A)  promoting reduced growth of the body, decreasing the need of individual cells for glucose, and thereby promoting glucose sparing. 
B)  inhibiting digestion and absorption of nutrients, preventing hyperglycemia. 
C)  inhibiting secretion of prolactin, reducing production of lactose for milk, and preventing hypoglycemia. 
D)  doing all of these. 
E)  doing none of these. 
A)  promoting reduced growth of the body, decreasing the need of individual cells for glucose, and thereby promoting glucose sparing. 
B)  inhibiting digestion and absorption of nutrients, preventing hyperglycemia. 
C)  inhibiting secretion of prolactin, reducing production of lactose for milk, and preventing hypoglycemia. 
D)  doing all of these. 
E)  doing none of these. B

Question 3

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Pancreatic ?-cells

Accepted Answer

A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin 
A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin I

Question 4

Which of the following are effects of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased basal metabolic rate 
B)  increased conversion of glycogen to glucose 
C)  increased conversion of glucose to glycogen 
D)  increased expression of catecholamine target-cell receptors 
E)  all of these. 
A)  increased basal metabolic rate 
B)  increased conversion of glycogen to glucose 
C)  increased conversion of glucose to glycogen 
D)  increased expression of catecholamine target-cell receptors 
E)  all of these.

Question 5

Lactotrophs secrete prolactin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

If the demand for calcium needed to produce egg shells regularly exceeds the
 level of calcium intake, egg-laying birds may replace all of their medullary bone to meet that demand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Steroids are neutral lipids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Endocrine rhythm, the rise and fall in hormone level,

Accepted Answer

A)  is a response to external clues. 
B)  occurs in diurnal animals. 
C)  is influence by endogenous oscillators. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  is a response to external clues. 
B)  occurs in diurnal animals. 
C)  is influence by endogenous oscillators. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these.

Question 9

Unlike steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) can be stored after synthesis. This is due to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid hormones are not membrane-permeant molecules. 
B)  thyroid hormones are protein hormones, and are stored in vesicles until an elevation in intracellular calcium stimulates their release. 
C)  thyroid hormones are sequestered in colloid, surrounded by a wall of follicular cells, and that presents too much of a barrier for the hormones to pass through. 
D)  thyroid hormones remain attached to a larger protein molecule until the thyroid is stimulated to secrete them, at which point they are cleaved from the protein and diffuse from the cell into the circulation. 
E)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  thyroid hormones are not membrane-permeant molecules. 
B)  thyroid hormones are protein hormones, and are stored in vesicles until an elevation in intracellular calcium stimulates their release. 
C)  thyroid hormones are sequestered in colloid, surrounded by a wall of follicular cells, and that presents too much of a barrier for the hormones to pass through. 
D)  thyroid hormones remain attached to a larger protein molecule until the thyroid is stimulated to secrete them, at which point they are cleaved from the protein and diffuse from the cell into the circulation. 
E)  None of the above is correct.

Question 10

Absorption of calcium and phosphate by the intestine is regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone. 
B)  thyroid hormone. 
C)  calcitonin. 
D)  phosphate concentration in the blood. 
E)  Vitamin C levels in the blood. 
A)  parathyroid hormone. 
B)  thyroid hormone. 
C)  calcitonin. 
D)  phosphate concentration in the blood. 
E)  Vitamin C levels in the blood.

Question 11

Hypothyroidism can result from

Accepted Answer

A)  a deficiency in thyrotropin releasing hormone. 
B)  a deficiency in thyroid stimulating hormone. 
C)  insufficient amounts of iodine in the diet. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  a deficiency in thyrotropin releasing hormone. 
B)  a deficiency in thyroid stimulating hormone. 
C)  insufficient amounts of iodine in the diet. 
D)  all of these.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium can be stored in the body and sodium cannot. 
B)  Parathyroid hormone is the primary hormone responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis. 
C)  Calcitonin is not essential for routine maintenance of calcium concentration in mammals. 
D)  Calcium is required for normal blood clotting. 
E)  All of these are true statements. 
A)  Calcium can be stored in the body and sodium cannot. 
B)  Parathyroid hormone is the primary hormone responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis. 
C)  Calcitonin is not essential for routine maintenance of calcium concentration in mammals. 
D)  Calcium is required for normal blood clotting. 
E)  All of these are true statements.

Question 13

In the context of endocrine regulation, permissiveness refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  one hormone enhancing the responsiveness of a target cell to another hormone. 
B)  the combined action of several hormones acting complementary to one another. 
C)  the expression of receptors by a cell allowing it to respond to a hormone. 
D)  the increase in receptor number that occurs on the surface of a target cell during hyposecretionof a hormone . 
E)  none of these. 
A)  one hormone enhancing the responsiveness of a target cell to another hormone. 
B)  the combined action of several hormones acting complementary to one another. 
C)  the expression of receptors by a cell allowing it to respond to a hormone. 
D)  the increase in receptor number that occurs on the surface of a target cell during hyposecretionof a hormone . 
E)  none of these.

Question 14

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Parathyroid

Accepted Answer

A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin 
A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin

Question 15

A healthy person has about two month's worth of energy stored in fat. Oxidation of fats yields about 9 kcal/gram. Assuming a healthy adult requires 1500 kcal/day to function, how many grams of fat does a typical, healthy adult have? How much glycogen would a person have to store to have a comparable energy supply, assuming a caloric yield of 4 kcal/gram?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the amount of fat a typical

Question 16

Calcitonin is produced by the C cells of the parathyroid gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Intracellular calcium levels have an effect on

Accepted Answer

A)  cell motility. 
B)  cilia action. 
C)  secretion by exocytosis. 
D)  muscle contraction. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  cell motility. 
B)  cilia action. 
C)  secretion by exocytosis. 
D)  muscle contraction. 
E)  all of these.

Question 18

_____ are one of a few cell types that store glucose in the form of glycogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glial cells 
B)  Liver cells 
C)  Muscle cells 
D)  All of these. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Glial cells 
B)  Liver cells 
C)  Muscle cells 
D)  All of these. 
E)  None of these.

Question 19

Glucose sparing refers to a phenomenon occurring during the

Accepted Answer

A)  absorptive phase of metabolism in which recently ingested glucose is saved in the form of glycogen for future use. 
B)  postabsorptive phase of metabolism in which glucose ingested earlier is saved in the form of glycogen for use during prolonged fasting. 
C)  postabsorptive phase of metabolism in which numerous body tissues release glucose for immediate use by the brain. 
D)  postabsorptive phase of metabolism in which numerous body tissues switch to metabolizing alternative, non-glucose energy sources, so that glucose remains available for the brain. 
A)  absorptive phase of metabolism in which recently ingested glucose is saved in the form of glycogen for future use. 
B)  postabsorptive phase of metabolism in which glucose ingested earlier is saved in the form of glycogen for use during prolonged fasting. 
C)  postabsorptive phase of metabolism in which numerous body tissues release glucose for immediate use by the brain. 
D)  postabsorptive phase of metabolism in which numerous body tissues switch to metabolizing alternative, non-glucose energy sources, so that glucose remains available for the brain.

Question 20

In female mammals, the androgen produced by the adrenal cortex that is of physiological significance in females is

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone (TST). 
B)  dihydroxytestosterone (DHT). 
C)  estrogen (EST). 
D)  dehydroepiandrosterone (DHE
A) . 
E)  thalidomide. 
A)  testosterone (TST). 
B)  dihydroxytestosterone (DHT). 
C)  estrogen (EST). 
D)  dehydroepiandrosterone (DHE
A) . 
E)  thalidomide.

Annetocin is an annelid hormone that is similar to vertebrate oxytocin.

Somatostatin functions in glucose homeostasis by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Pancreatic ?-cells

Which of the following are effects of thyroid hormone?

Lactotrophs secrete prolactin.

If the demand for calcium needed to produce egg shells regularly exceeds the level of calcium intake, egg-laying birds may replace all of their medullary bone to meet that demand.

Steroids are neutral lipids.

Endocrine rhythm, the rise and fall in hormone level,

Unlike steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (T₃ and T₄) can be stored after synthesis. This is due to the fact that

Absorption of calcium and phosphate by the intestine is regulated by

Hypothyroidism can result from

Which of the following is NOT true?

In the context of endocrine regulation, permissiveness refers to

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Parathyroid

Calcitonin is produced by the C cells of the parathyroid gland.

Intracellular calcium levels have an effect on

_____ are one of a few cell types that store glucose in the form of glycogen.

Glucose sparing refers to a phenomenon occurring during the

In female mammals, the androgen produced by the adrenal cortex that is of physiological significance in females is

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

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Exam 7: Endocrine Systems

Annetocin is an annelid hormone that is similar to vertebrate oxytocin.

Somatostatin functions in glucose homeostasis by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Pancreatic ?-cells

Which of the following are effects of thyroid hormone?

Lactotrophs secrete prolactin.

If the demand for calcium needed to produce egg shells regularly exceeds the level of calcium intake, egg-laying birds may replace all of their medullary bone to meet that demand.

Steroids are neutral lipids.

Endocrine rhythm, the rise and fall in hormone level,

Unlike steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) can be stored after synthesis. This is due to the fact that

Absorption of calcium and phosphate by the intestine is regulated by

Hypothyroidism can result from

Which of the following is NOT true?

In the context of endocrine regulation, permissiveness refers to

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Parathyroid

Calcitonin is produced by the C cells of the parathyroid gland.

Intracellular calcium levels have an effect on

_____ are one of a few cell types that store glucose in the form of glycogen.

Glucose sparing refers to a phenomenon occurring during the

In female mammals, the androgen produced by the adrenal cortex that is of physiological significance in females is

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Unlike steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (T₃ and T₄) can be stored after synthesis. This is due to the fact that