Question 1

Down-regulation

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the expression of fewer receptors at the cell surface as part of a negative-feedback mechanism. 
B)  refers to the decrease in cortisol secretion that occurs as an animal's metabolism slows down to its basal level. 
C)  occurs in response to too little hormone reaching the target cells. 
D)  is an idiopathic response to endocrine disrupters. 
E)  occurs in response to the excretion of excess hormone by the kidneys. 
A)  refers to the expression of fewer receptors at the cell surface as part of a negative-feedback mechanism. 
B)  refers to the decrease in cortisol secretion that occurs as an animal's metabolism slows down to its basal level. 
C)  occurs in response to too little hormone reaching the target cells. 
D)  is an idiopathic response to endocrine disrupters. 
E)  occurs in response to the excretion of excess hormone by the kidneys.

Question 2

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin 
A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin

Question 3

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting the hypothalamus so that corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) secretion is reduced. 
B)  reduces the secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary. 
C)  suppressing its own secretion by its actions on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  inhibiting the hypothalamus so that corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) secretion is reduced. 
B)  reduces the secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary. 
C)  suppressing its own secretion by its actions on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these.

Question 4

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in that

Accepted Answer

A)  the site of synthesis of steroids is distinct from their site of release. 
B)  the former are not stored, but instead are released upon synthesis. 
C)  the former are synthesized ubiquitously. 
D)  they don't have a specific receptor protein with which they interact. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  the site of synthesis of steroids is distinct from their site of release. 
B)  the former are not stored, but instead are released upon synthesis. 
C)  the former are synthesized ubiquitously. 
D)  they don't have a specific receptor protein with which they interact. 
E)  none of these.

Question 5

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

A)  have a generalized vasoconstrictor effect. 
B)  promote vasodilation of blood vessels supply muscles. 
C)  promote mobilization of stored carbohydrates. 
D)  dilate respiratory airways. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  have a generalized vasoconstrictor effect. 
B)  promote vasodilation of blood vessels supply muscles. 
C)  promote mobilization of stored carbohydrates. 
D)  dilate respiratory airways. 
E)  none of these.

Question 6

Which of the following has NO relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide hormones and secretory granules 
B)  steroids and lipid droplets 
C)  Catecholamines and adrenal cortex 
D)  peptide hormones and rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  thyroid hormones and lipophilic molecules 
A)  peptide hormones and secretory granules 
B)  steroids and lipid droplets 
C)  Catecholamines and adrenal cortex 
D)  peptide hormones and rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  thyroid hormones and lipophilic molecules

Question 7

All eukaryotes have clock genes which interact in a cyclic fashion that lasts about
 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In many respects, cortisol and epinephrine duplicate each other's effects in the stress response. However, cortisol and NOT epinephrine

Accepted Answer

A)  causes an elevation in glucose in the blood. 
B)  causes an increase in fatty acids in the blood. 
C)  causes an increase in amino acids in the blood. 
D)  causes a decrease in glucose in the blood. 
E)  causes a mobilization of carbohydrates. 
A)  causes an elevation in glucose in the blood. 
B)  causes an increase in fatty acids in the blood. 
C)  causes an increase in amino acids in the blood. 
D)  causes a decrease in glucose in the blood. 
E)  causes a mobilization of carbohydrates.

Question 9

Discuss the homeostatic control of plasma phosphate levels in situations where phosphate levels are too high and where they are too low. Be sure to include such things as the hormones involved, organs involved, and the direction of change in phosphate levels

Accepted Answer

The homeostatic control of plasma phosph

Question 10

The main role of glucocorticoids is to

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance sodium reuptake from the urine. 
B)  elevate glucose levels in the blood. 
C)  enhance the elimination of sugars in the urine. 
D)  enhance the reuptake of sugar from tubular fluids in the kidney. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  enhance sodium reuptake from the urine. 
B)  elevate glucose levels in the blood. 
C)  enhance the elimination of sugars in the urine. 
D)  enhance the reuptake of sugar from tubular fluids in the kidney. 
E)  none of these.

Question 11

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Anterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin 
A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin

Question 12

Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to input from hypothalamic osmoreceptors which were activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  increased levels of osmium in the blood. 
B)  softening of the cervical os (the outlet of the uterus). 
C)  increased plasma osmolarity. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  increased blood pressure. 
A)  increased levels of osmium in the blood. 
B)  softening of the cervical os (the outlet of the uterus). 
C)  increased plasma osmolarity. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  increased blood pressure.

Question 13

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Pineal gland

Accepted Answer

A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin 
A)  Melatonin 
B)  Multifaceted stress response 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
D)  Oxytocin 
E)  Vitamin D activation
F) Calcitonin
G) Cortisol
H) Catecholamines
I) Glucagon
J) Insulin

Question 14

Endocrine disrupting compounds

Accepted Answer

A)  may often mimic the effects of estrogen. 
B)  are human made substances 
C)  can be passed from one generation to the next. 
D)  only two of these. 
E)  all of these.. 
A)  may often mimic the effects of estrogen. 
B)  are human made substances 
C)  can be passed from one generation to the next. 
D)  only two of these. 
E)  all of these..

Question 15

In most cells, insulin stimulates uptake of glucose by

Accepted Answer

A)  penetrating the cellular membranes itself, and thereby providing a pathway for glucose to enter the cells. 
B)  activating insulin receptors, which are themselves glucose transporters. 
C)  stimulating the recruitment of glucose transporters to the membrane, which in turn facilitate the import of glucose. 
D)  activating the transcription and translation of glucose transporter-genes, increasing their expression. 
E)  altering the ratio of intracellular sodium concentrations to extracellular sodium concentrations in a way that favors co-transport of glucose and sodium. 
A)  penetrating the cellular membranes itself, and thereby providing a pathway for glucose to enter the cells. 
B)  activating insulin receptors, which are themselves glucose transporters. 
C)  stimulating the recruitment of glucose transporters to the membrane, which in turn facilitate the import of glucose. 
D)  activating the transcription and translation of glucose transporter-genes, increasing their expression. 
E)  altering the ratio of intracellular sodium concentrations to extracellular sodium concentrations in a way that favors co-transport of glucose and sodium.

Question 16

Compare and contrast the interactions between parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in controlling plasma calcium levels. Be sure to include the directional change in calcium levels, the organs involved, and where the hormone and vitamin D are having their effects.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D

Question 17

In systems geared toward maintaining homeostasis, there is generally some parameter that is monitored by a sensor which responds to deviations from a set point by stimulating a response from an effector system that in turn causes an adjustment to the parameter. Give an example from the endocrine system of homeostatic control. Be sure to identify the sensor(s), parameter(s) and effector(s) and how they interact to maintain homeostasis. If negative feedback is involved, describe that aspect as well.
 * The answer to this question could be drawn from multiple points in the chapter.

Accepted Answer

An example of homeostatic control in the

Down-regulation

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Posterior pituitary

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in that

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following has NO relationship?

All eukaryotes have clock genes which interact in a cyclic fashion that lasts about 24 hours.

In many respects, cortisol and epinephrine duplicate each other's effects in the stress response. However, cortisol and NOT epinephrine

Discuss the homeostatic control of plasma phosphate levels in situations where phosphate levels are too high and where they are too low. Be sure to include such things as the hormones involved, organs involved, and the direction of change in phosphate levels

The main role of glucocorticoids is to

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Anterior pituitary

Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to input from hypothalamic osmoreceptors which were activated by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Pineal gland

Endocrine disrupting compounds

In most cells, insulin stimulates uptake of glucose by

Compare and contrast the interactions between parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in controlling plasma calcium levels. Be sure to include the directional change in calcium levels, the organs involved, and where the hormone and vitamin D are having their effects.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

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Exam 7: Endocrine Systems

Down-regulation

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Posterior pituitary

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in that

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following has NO relationship?

All eukaryotes have clock genes which interact in a cyclic fashion that lasts about 24 hours.

In many respects, cortisol and epinephrine duplicate each other's effects in the stress response. However, cortisol and NOT epinephrine

Discuss the homeostatic control of plasma phosphate levels in situations where phosphate levels are too high and where they are too low. Be sure to include such things as the hormones involved, organs involved, and the direction of change in phosphate levels

The main role of glucocorticoids is to

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Anterior pituitary

Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to input from hypothalamic osmoreceptors which were activated by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Pineal gland

Endocrine disrupting compounds

In most cells, insulin stimulates uptake of glucose by

Compare and contrast the interactions between parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in controlling plasma calcium levels. Be sure to include the directional change in calcium levels, the organs involved, and where the hormone and vitamin D are having their effects.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters