Question 1

All of the following are typical signs of hydrocephalus in the neonate EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarged head with bulging fontanels. 
B)  vomiting, headache, and paralysis. 
C)  irritability and feeding difficulties. 
D)  eyes turned downward with sclerae showing above the pupils. 
A)  enlarged head with bulging fontanels. 
B)  vomiting, headache, and paralysis. 
C)  irritability and feeding difficulties. 
D)  eyes turned downward with sclerae showing above the pupils.

Question 2

Which type of fracture typically occurs at the base of the skull?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depressed 
B)  Contrecoup 
C)  Comminuted 
D)  Basilar 
A)  Depressed 
B)  Contrecoup 
C)  Comminuted 
D)  Basilar

Question 3

Which of the following classes of drugs may provide temporary improvement in cases of myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle relaxants 
B)  Dopamine replacement drugs 
C)  Anticholinesterase agents 
D)  GABA replacement drugs 
A)  Skeletal muscle relaxants 
B)  Dopamine replacement drugs 
C)  Anticholinesterase agents 
D)  GABA replacement drugs

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT apply to Reye's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no permanent damage in the body. 
B)  It is precipitated by a combination of viral infection and administration of acetylsalicylic acid (AS
A) . 
C)  Cerebral edema develops. 
D)  Liver damage is common. 
A)  There is no permanent damage in the body. 
B)  It is precipitated by a combination of viral infection and administration of acetylsalicylic acid (AS
A) . 
C)  Cerebral edema develops. 
D)  Liver damage is common.

Question 5

An epidural hematoma is located between the:

Accepted Answer

A)  dura mater and the arachnoid mater. 
B)  dura mater and the skull. 
C)  arachnoid mater and the pia mater. 
D)  pia mater and the brain. 
A)  dura mater and the arachnoid mater. 
B)  dura mater and the skull. 
C)  arachnoid mater and the pia mater. 
D)  pia mater and the brain.

Question 6

All of the following apply to tetanus infection EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is caused by an anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. 
B)  the exotoxin causes strong skeletal muscle spasms. 
C)  death usually results from respiratory failure. 
D)  signs of fever, vomiting, stiff neck, and paralysis. 
A)  it is caused by an anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. 
B)  the exotoxin causes strong skeletal muscle spasms. 
C)  death usually results from respiratory failure. 
D)  signs of fever, vomiting, stiff neck, and paralysis.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of advanced Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Difficulty chewing and swallowing 
B)  Urinary retention 
C)  Loss of vision 
D)  Orthostatic hypotension 
A)  Difficulty chewing and swallowing 
B)  Urinary retention 
C)  Loss of vision 
D)  Orthostatic hypotension

Question 8

What is the typical initial effect of a herniated intervertebral disc at the L4 to L5 level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Back pain and weakness at waist level 
B)  Muscle weakness in both legs 
C)  Lower back pain radiating down the leg 
D)  Urinary incontinence 
A)  Back pain and weakness at waist level 
B)  Muscle weakness in both legs 
C)  Lower back pain radiating down the leg 
D)  Urinary incontinence

Question 9

What is the best definition of aphasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The inability to comprehend or express language appropriately 
B)  Difficulty swallowing 
C)  Loss of the visual field contralateral to the area of damage 
D)  The inability to articulate words clearly 
A)  The inability to comprehend or express language appropriately 
B)  Difficulty swallowing 
C)  Loss of the visual field contralateral to the area of damage 
D)  The inability to articulate words clearly

Question 10

What causes a herniated intervertebral disc?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tear in the nucleus pulposus 
B)  A protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis 
C)  Displacement of the annulus fibrosis between the laminae 
D)  Failure of the spinous processes to restrict movement of the intervertebral disc 
A)  A tear in the nucleus pulposus 
B)  A protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis 
C)  Displacement of the annulus fibrosis between the laminae 
D)  Failure of the spinous processes to restrict movement of the intervertebral disc

Question 11

Typical signs of a TIA include:

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly increasing intracranial pressure. 
B)  loss of consciousness. 
C)  transient muscle weakness in a hand or leg. 
D)  headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. 
A)  rapidly increasing intracranial pressure. 
B)  loss of consciousness. 
C)  transient muscle weakness in a hand or leg. 
D)  headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity.

Question 12

What is an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Papilledema 
B)  Bilateral fixed dilated pupils 
C)  Decreasing responsiveness 
D)  Rapid heart rate 
A)  Papilledema 
B)  Bilateral fixed dilated pupils 
C)  Decreasing responsiveness 
D)  Rapid heart rate

Question 13

Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  rupture of a cerebral artery. 
B)  an embolus. 
C)  atherosclerosis. 
D)  vasospasm in the cerebral circulation. 
A)  rupture of a cerebral artery. 
B)  an embolus. 
C)  atherosclerosis. 
D)  vasospasm in the cerebral circulation.

Question 14

Common manifestations of rabies infection include:

Accepted Answer

A)  headache, foaming at the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. 
B)  difficulty walking and coordinating movements. 
C)  decreased sensitivity to sound and touch. 
D)  vomiting, liver and kidney damage. 
A)  headache, foaming at the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. 
B)  difficulty walking and coordinating movements. 
C)  decreased sensitivity to sound and touch. 
D)  vomiting, liver and kidney damage.

Question 15

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation 
B)  Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates 
C)  Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate 
D)  Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers 
A)  Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation 
B)  Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates 
C)  Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate 
D)  Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers

Question 16

From the following, choose the two events (in correct sequence) that immediately follow the aura during a tonic-clonic event:

Accepted Answer

A)  Prodromal signs, then the clonic stage 
B)  Clonic stage, then the tonic stage 
C)  Loss of consciousness, then the tonic stage 
D)  Loss of consciousness and cessation of respiration 
A)  Prodromal signs, then the clonic stage 
B)  Clonic stage, then the tonic stage 
C)  Loss of consciousness, then the tonic stage 
D)  Loss of consciousness and cessation of respiration

Question 17

Which of the following causes papilledema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc 
B)  Increased intraocular pressure 
C)  Pressure on the oculomotor nerve 
D)  Pressure on the optic chiasm 
A)  Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc 
B)  Increased intraocular pressure 
C)  Pressure on the oculomotor nerve 
D)  Pressure on the optic chiasm

Question 18

Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  spina bifida occulta. 
B)  meningocele. 
C)  myelomeningocele. 
D)  encephalocele. 
A)  spina bifida occulta. 
B)  meningocele. 
C)  myelomeningocele. 
D)  encephalocele.

Question 19

Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disorganized thought processes, short attention span, delusions 
B)  Lack of energy and motivation, poor concentration, insomnia 
C)  Hyperventilation, tachycardia, intense anxiety 
D)  Memory loss, mood swings, hostile behavior 
A)  Disorganized thought processes, short attention span, delusions 
B)  Lack of energy and motivation, poor concentration, insomnia 
C)  Hyperventilation, tachycardia, intense anxiety 
D)  Memory loss, mood swings, hostile behavior

Question 20

Which disease is associated with excessive dopamine secretion, decreased gray matter in the temporal lobes, and abnormal hippocampal cells in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 
B)  Schizophrenia 
C)  Panic disorder 
D)  Depression 
A)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 
B)  Schizophrenia 
C)  Panic disorder 
D)  Depression

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

All of the following are typical signs of hydrocephalus in the neonate EXCEPT:

Which type of fracture typically occurs at the base of the skull?

Which of the following classes of drugs may provide temporary improvement in cases of myasthenia gravis?

Which of the following does NOT apply to Reye's syndrome?

An epidural hematoma is located between the:

All of the following apply to tetanus infection EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of advanced Parkinson's disease?

What is the typical initial effect of a herniated intervertebral disc at the L4 to L5 level?

What is the best definition of aphasia?

What causes a herniated intervertebral disc?

Typical signs of a TIA include:

What is an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure?

Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:

Common manifestations of rabies infection include:

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

From the following, choose the two events (in correct sequence) that immediately follow the aura during a tonic-clonic event:

Which of the following causes papilledema?

Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:

Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?

Which disease is associated with excessive dopamine secretion, decreased gray matter in the temporal lobes, and abnormal hippocampal cells in the brain?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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