Question 1

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the virulence of a specific microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion of endotoxin 
B)  Presence of a bacterial capsule 
C)  Production of interferons 
D)  Secretion of invasive enzymes 
A)  Secretion of endotoxin 
B)  Presence of a bacterial capsule 
C)  Production of interferons 
D)  Secretion of invasive enzymes

Question 2

Drugs that are designed to inhibit or slow down growth of microbes but not necessarily kill them are considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  ineffective. 
B)  bacteriostatic. 
C)  narrow-spectrum. 
D)  bactericidal. 
A)  ineffective. 
B)  bacteriostatic. 
C)  narrow-spectrum. 
D)  bactericidal.

Question 3

A retrovirus such as HIV contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA and enzymes for its conversion. 
B)  a double strand of DNA. 
C)  many enzymes to limit budding of new virions. 
D)  numerous mitochondria. 
A)  RNA and enzymes for its conversion. 
B)  a double strand of DNA. 
C)  many enzymes to limit budding of new virions. 
D)  numerous mitochondria.

Question 4

How do antiviral drugs act?

Accepted Answer

A)  They interfere with cell wall development. 
B)  They decrease cell membrane permeability. 
C)  They destroy new, immature viral particles. 
D)  They reduce the rate of viral replication. 
A)  They interfere with cell wall development. 
B)  They decrease cell membrane permeability. 
C)  They destroy new, immature viral particles. 
D)  They reduce the rate of viral replication.

Question 5

What does "bacteremia" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Numerous pathogens circulating and reproducing in the blood 
B)  Uncontrolled sepsis throughout the body 
C)  Multiple infections, primary and secondary, established in the body 
D)  Microbes present in the blood 
A)  Numerous pathogens circulating and reproducing in the blood 
B)  Uncontrolled sepsis throughout the body 
C)  Multiple infections, primary and secondary, established in the body 
D)  Microbes present in the blood

Question 6

The presence of the bacterial capsule:

Accepted Answer

A)  aids in the release of endotoxins. 
B)  protects the microbe from phagocytosis. 
C)  increases the release of toxins and enzymes. 
D)  prevents replication of the bacterium. 
A)  aids in the release of endotoxins. 
B)  protects the microbe from phagocytosis. 
C)  increases the release of toxins and enzymes. 
D)  prevents replication of the bacterium.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of rickettsia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a very small gram-negative intracellular microbe. 
B)  It exists in three forms. 
C)  It causes sexually transmitted disease. 
D)  It reproduces by budding. 
A)  It is a very small gram-negative intracellular microbe. 
B)  It exists in three forms. 
C)  It causes sexually transmitted disease. 
D)  It reproduces by budding.

Question 8

Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  touching a contaminated countertop. 
B)  sexual intercourse. 
C)  drinking contaminated water. 
D)  inhaling dust-borne microbes. 
A)  touching a contaminated countertop. 
B)  sexual intercourse. 
C)  drinking contaminated water. 
D)  inhaling dust-borne microbes.

Question 9

What method do viruses use to replicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binary fission 
B)  Budding of a daughter cell from the parent viral cell 
C)  Producing reproductive spores 
D)  Using a host cell to produce and assemble components 
A)  Binary fission 
B)  Budding of a daughter cell from the parent viral cell 
C)  Producing reproductive spores 
D)  Using a host cell to produce and assemble components

Question 10

The primary pathological effect of influenza virus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of the mucosa in the lower respiratory tract. 
B)  replication of the virus in respiratory secretions. 
C)  destruction of leukocytes and macrophages in the lungs. 
D)  inflammation and necrosis of the upper respiratory epithelium. 
A)  destruction of the mucosa in the lower respiratory tract. 
B)  replication of the virus in respiratory secretions. 
C)  destruction of leukocytes and macrophages in the lungs. 
D)  inflammation and necrosis of the upper respiratory epithelium.

Question 11

When an infectious disease is occurring globally at a higher rate than usual, it may be designated as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  sporadic occurrence. 
B)  epidemic. 
C)  pandemic. 
D)  emerging disease. 
A)  sporadic occurrence. 
B)  epidemic. 
C)  pandemic. 
D)  emerging disease.

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT directly determine the virulence of a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capacity for opportunism 
B)  Production of toxins 
C)  Ability to mutate 
D)  Invasive qualities 
A)  Capacity for opportunism 
B)  Production of toxins 
C)  Ability to mutate 
D)  Invasive qualities

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antiseptic is used on living tissue, whereas disinfectant is designed for nonliving surfaces. 
B)  Antiseptic is much stronger than the potency of a disinfectant. 
C)  Antiseptic often causes allergic skin reactions, whereas disinfectant is always hypoallergenic. 
D)  Antiseptic is effective against endospores; disinfectants are not effective against endospores. 
A)  Antiseptic is used on living tissue, whereas disinfectant is designed for nonliving surfaces. 
B)  Antiseptic is much stronger than the potency of a disinfectant. 
C)  Antiseptic often causes allergic skin reactions, whereas disinfectant is always hypoallergenic. 
D)  Antiseptic is effective against endospores; disinfectants are not effective against endospores.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium vivax 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
C)  Tinea pedis 
D)  Entamoeba histolytica 
A)  Plasmodium vivax 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
C)  Tinea pedis 
D)  Entamoeba histolytica

Question 15

Bacteria that form an irregular cluster of spheres are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacilli. 
B)  diplococci. 
C)  staphylococci. 
D)  streptococci. 
A)  bacilli. 
B)  diplococci. 
C)  staphylococci. 
D)  streptococci.

Question 16

What are culture and sensitivity tests used for?

Accepted Answer

A)  To determine the type of microbe present in an exudate 
B)  To provide a specific medium that supports maximum microbial growth 
C)  To identify the causative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agent for it 
D)  To provide living host cells for microbes requiring such for replication 
A)  To determine the type of microbe present in an exudate 
B)  To provide a specific medium that supports maximum microbial growth 
C)  To identify the causative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agent for it 
D)  To provide living host cells for microbes requiring such for replication

Question 17

That time in the course of an infection when the infected person may experience a headache or fatigue and senses he or she is "coming down with something" is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subclinical period 
B)  Eclipse period 
C)  Prodromal period 
D)  Presymptomatic period 
A)  Subclinical period 
B)  Eclipse period 
C)  Prodromal period 
D)  Presymptomatic period

Question 18

The widespread necrosis of respiratory mucosa caused by an influenza infection often gives rise to:

Accepted Answer

A)  severe anemia. 
B)  secondary infections. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  emphysema. 
A)  severe anemia. 
B)  secondary infections. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  emphysema.

Question 19

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mosquitoes (bites) 
B)  Inhaling contaminated particles 
C)  Sexual intercourse 
D)  Cysts in feces 
A)  Mosquitoes (bites) 
B)  Inhaling contaminated particles 
C)  Sexual intercourse 
D)  Cysts in feces

Question 20

The principle of Universal Precautions is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  using disinfectants at all times to eliminate cross-infections. 
B)  not touching any open or bleeding lesions. 
C)  sterilizing all instruments and equipment after each use. 
D)  assuming that all body fluids from all individuals are possible sources of infection. 
A)  using disinfectants at all times to eliminate cross-infections. 
B)  not touching any open or bleeding lesions. 
C)  sterilizing all instruments and equipment after each use. 
D)  assuming that all body fluids from all individuals are possible sources of infection.

Exam 6: Infection

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the virulence of a specific microbe?

Drugs that are designed to inhibit or slow down growth of microbes but not necessarily kill them are considered:

A retrovirus such as HIV contains:

How do antiviral drugs act?

What does "bacteremia" refer to?

The presence of the bacterial capsule:

Which of the following is a characteristic of rickettsia?

Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

What method do viruses use to replicate?

The primary pathological effect of influenza virus is:

When an infectious disease is occurring globally at a higher rate than usual, it may be designated as a/an:

Which of the following does NOT directly determine the virulence of a microbe?

Which of the following is the primary difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

Bacteria that form an irregular cluster of spheres are called:

What are culture and sensitivity tests used for?

That time in the course of an infection when the infected person may experience a headache or fatigue and senses he or she is "coming down with something" is referred to as which of the following?

The widespread necrosis of respiratory mucosa caused by an influenza infection often gives rise to:

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by which of the following?

The principle of Universal Precautions is based on:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters