Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

In order to help children learn the social nature of language, many parents encourage _______________ long before an infant has said his or her first word.

Collette is sitting with her young son Jim, and has placed five jellybeans in front of him. Jim starts to count the beans, and as he points to the beans says, "one, two, three!" He then looks up at Collette and smiles. Jim has not yet mastered the

Several criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development have been offered over the years. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

When Max's father installed a new ceiling fan in his room, the "whirring" sound initially disturbed Max's sleep. After a few nights, however, Max was back to sleeping normally, as if the fan did not bother him at all. Max's filtering out of the fan's noise is best described as ____.

Macintosh is trying to get his grandson to learn the word "apple." His attempt involves looking at an apple on a tree, making sure that his grandson is also looking, and then saying "apple." Macintosh's effort to teach his grandson is clearly based on

The defining characteristic of centration is ____ thought.

The _______________ knowledge hypothesis suggests that children are born with certain knowledge structures already in place that are ready to be modified by experience.

According to your textbook, which of the following distinguishes the parenting of mothers in the U.S. from mothers in India and Guatemala?

Which of the following is NOT one of the features of a child who is in the preoperational period of cognitive development?

____ are psychological structures that organize information and regulate behaviors.

In the information processing model, mental ____ refers to mental and neural structures that are built in and that allow the mind to operate, while mental ____ refers to mental processes that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

Mental _______________ refers to mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

Research has found that interviewing a preschooler right after an event has taken place about the details of that event will produce the least accurate memories because the child is typically still so upset.

Piaget believed that children are like little

A grammatical morpheme refers to the part of a word that can be omitted without affecting grammatical correctness or meaning.

____ style is to the primary use of words that name objects, persons, or actions as ____ style is to the use of names as well as social phrases.

Piaget hypothesized that children use two complementary processes to allow their experiences and schemes to work with each other. They are _______________ and _______________.

The fact that the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects is called the ____ principle.

In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the

According to the theory of Fivush (2011), autobiographical memory is based upon three memory skills. They include all EXCEPT which of the following?