Question 1

How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Both saw children as making the journey alone. 
B)  ​Piaget saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Vygotsky saw children as making the journey alone. 
C)  ​Vygotsky saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Piaget saw children as making the journey alone. 
D)  ​Both saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others. 
A)  ​Both saw children as making the journey alone. 
B)  ​Piaget saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Vygotsky saw children as making the journey alone. 
C)  ​Vygotsky saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Piaget saw children as making the journey alone. 
D)  ​Both saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others.

Question 2

By the age of ____ years, most youngsters can apply the basic principles of counting to as many as nine objects, even though they may still make some mistakes.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​3 
B)  ​5 
C)  ​7 
D)  ​9 
A)  ​3 
B)  ​5 
C)  ​7 
D)  ​9

Question 3

Mariposa is lying in her crib, and is making elongated single vowel sounds, like "ahhhhhhh" and "oooooooh." Which of the following best describes her verbalizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​crying 
B)  ​whining 
C)  ​cooing 
D)  ​babbling 
A)  ​crying 
B)  ​whining 
C)  ​cooing 
D)  ​babbling

Question 4

Grammatical ____ are words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatically correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​morphemes 
B)  ​phonemes 
C)  ​telegraphs 
D)  ​schemes 
A)  ​morphemes 
B)  ​phonemes 
C)  ​telegraphs 
D)  ​schemes

Question 5

According to the core knowledge hypothesis, infants are born with some rudimentary knowledge of the world, and that knowledge is elaborated upon as they have experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

While Piaget believed that the theories that children develop about their worlds are comprehensive in explaining a variety of phenomena, the ____ hypothesis believes that infants are born with rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated upon based on the child's experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethological 
B)  ​psychosocial 
C)  ​dynamic systems 
D)  ​core knowledge 
A)  ethological 
B)  ​psychosocial 
C)  ​dynamic systems 
D)  ​core knowledge

Question 7

In what way are newborns more linguistically sophisticated than the average adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They do not habituate to new phonemes. 
B)  ​They can produce more phonemes. 
C)  ​They can distinguish between phonemes from all languages. 
D)  ​They have no particular linguistic advantages over adults. 
A)  ​They do not habituate to new phonemes. 
B)  ​They can produce more phonemes. 
C)  ​They can distinguish between phonemes from all languages. 
D)  ​They have no particular linguistic advantages over adults.

Question 8

According to your authors, which of the following would promote the BEST growth of cognitive skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, move right to subtraction. 
B)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, move to slightly more difficult addition. 
C)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, move to multiplication. 
D)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, keep the child at that level to consolidate skills. 
A)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, move right to subtraction. 
B)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, move to slightly more difficult addition. 
C)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, move to multiplication. 
D)  ​Once a child masters basic addition, keep the child at that level to consolidate skills.

Question 9

By about ____ months of age, a child can distinguish two objects from three and three objects from four.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​five 
B)  ​seven 
C)  ​nine 
D)  ​twelve 
A)  ​five 
B)  ​seven 
C)  ​nine 
D)  ​twelve

Question 10

To help children learn the difference between the roles of speaker and listener in a conversation, adults should encourage ____ soon after children begin to speak.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​alternation of morphemes 
B)  ​phonemic reversing 
C)  ​turn-taking 
D)  ​infant-directed speech 
A)  ​alternation of morphemes 
B)  ​phonemic reversing 
C)  ​turn-taking 
D)  ​infant-directed speech

Question 11

Which of the following circumstances would promote the most cognitive growth in a child?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​A teacher creates circumstances where children will discover concepts on their own. 
B)  ​A teacher shows the children a concept, and then has them find examples of it. 
C)  ​A teacher only shows children concepts that they already know. 
D)  ​A teacher uses only "real world" concepts, and discourages use of imagination. 
A)  ​A teacher creates circumstances where children will discover concepts on their own. 
B)  ​A teacher shows the children a concept, and then has them find examples of it. 
C)  ​A teacher only shows children concepts that they already know. 
D)  ​A teacher uses only "real world" concepts, and discourages use of imagination.

Question 12

Marla is watching her daughter, Daisy, try to color within the lines in her favorite coloring book. Daisy knows how to hold the crayons, can see the pictures properly, and understands the idea of not going over the lines, but she struggles to control the crayon. Marla does not like seeing Daisy get upset when she crosses a line, so she sits to help her by holding the crayon with her. According to research presented in your chapter, which of the following should you expect as a result of Marla's assistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Daisy will develop more interest in coloring. 
B)  ​Daisy will learn to color less efficiently. 
C)  ​Daisy will lose interest in coloring very soon. 
D)  ​Daisy will learn to color faster. 
A)  ​Daisy will develop more interest in coloring. 
B)  ​Daisy will learn to color less efficiently. 
C)  ​Daisy will lose interest in coloring very soon. 
D)  ​Daisy will learn to color faster.

Question 13

Which part of a newborn's brain appears to be the most sensitive to the use of language?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the frontal lobe 
B)  ​the right hemisphere 
C)  ​the left hemisphere 
D)  ​the parietal lobe 
A)  ​the frontal lobe 
B)  ​the right hemisphere 
C)  ​the left hemisphere 
D)  ​the parietal lobe

Question 14

Laurentis is a three-month-old child who enjoys sucking on his thumb. According to Piaget, he probably first developed this enjoyment as a result of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration. 
B)  ​assimilation. 
C)  ​choice. 
D)  ​reflex. 
A)  equilibration. 
B)  ​assimilation. 
C)  ​choice. 
D)  ​reflex.

Question 15

Scott understands that when he counts his toy cars, there is one and only one number for each separate car. This demonstrates that Scott has mastered the principle of cardinality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Eleven-month-old Oreo loves cookies. One day he sees his mother putting cookies into cups for a party. As he is watching, his mom puts one cookie into the first two cups, two cookies into the next two cups, and three cookies into the last two cups. If Oreo is a normally developing 10-month-old who likes cookies, he will most likely reach for

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a cup located nearest his left hand. 
B)  ​the first cup in which he saw a cookie being placed. 
C)  ​a cup with three cookies. 
D)  ​the darkest-colored cup. 
A)  ​a cup located nearest his left hand. 
B)  ​the first cup in which he saw a cookie being placed. 
C)  ​a cup with three cookies. 
D)  ​the darkest-colored cup.

Question 17

Mental software refers to mental and neural structures that are built in and that allow the mind to operate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The idea that number names must be counted in the same sequence, without change, defines the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​stable-order principle 
B)  ​one-to-one principle 
C)  ​cardinality principle 
D)  ​universality principle 
A)  ​stable-order principle 
B)  ​one-to-one principle 
C)  ​cardinality principle 
D)  ​universality principle

Question 19

Which is the BEST example of habituation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​turning your head to listen to a passing jet 
B)  ​tasting sushi for the first time and liking it 
C)  ​focusing your eyes on one of those "3-D" art pictures until the 3-D image pops into view 
D)  ​being bothered by the feel of a watch the first time it is on your wrist and then getting so used to it that you forget it's there 
A)  ​turning your head to listen to a passing jet 
B)  ​tasting sushi for the first time and liking it 
C)  ​focusing your eyes on one of those "3-D" art pictures until the 3-D image pops into view 
D)  ​being bothered by the feel of a watch the first time it is on your wrist and then getting so used to it that you forget it's there

Question 20

Why is it that an orienting response tends to disappear after repeated exposure to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Because the brain no longer registers it as a sensation 
B)  ​Because the stimulus becomes familiar and loses its novelty 
C)  ​Because the attention increases as stimuli become more familiar 
D)  ​Because our mental hardware becomes inconsistent with our software 
A)  ​Because the brain no longer registers it as a sensation 
B)  ​Because the stimulus becomes familiar and loses its novelty 
C)  ​Because the attention increases as stimuli become more familiar 
D)  ​Because our mental hardware becomes inconsistent with our software

How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?

By the age of ____ years, most youngsters can apply the basic principles of counting to as many as nine objects, even though they may still make some mistakes.

Mariposa is lying in her crib, and is making elongated single vowel sounds, like "ahhhhhhh" and "oooooooh." Which of the following best describes her verbalizations?

Grammatical ____ are words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatically correct.

According to the core knowledge hypothesis, infants are born with some rudimentary knowledge of the world, and that knowledge is elaborated upon as they have experiences.

While Piaget believed that the theories that children develop about their worlds are comprehensive in explaining a variety of phenomena, the ____ hypothesis believes that infants are born with rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated upon based on the child's experiences.

In what way are newborns more linguistically sophisticated than the average adult?

According to your authors, which of the following would promote the BEST growth of cognitive skills?

By about ____ months of age, a child can distinguish two objects from three and three objects from four.

To help children learn the difference between the roles of speaker and listener in a conversation, adults should encourage ____ soon after children begin to speak.

Which of the following circumstances would promote the most cognitive growth in a child?

Which part of a newborn's brain appears to be the most sensitive to the use of language?

Laurentis is a three-month-old child who enjoys sucking on his thumb. According to Piaget, he probably first developed this enjoyment as a result of a(n)

Scott understands that when he counts his toy cars, there is one and only one number for each separate car. This demonstrates that Scott has mastered the principle of cardinality.

Mental software refers to mental and neural structures that are built in and that allow the mind to operate.

The idea that number names must be counted in the same sequence, without change, defines the ____.

Which is the BEST example of habituation?

Why is it that an orienting response tends to disappear after repeated exposure to a stimulus?

The Study of Human Development.

Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth.

Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood.

Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood.

Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence.

Moving into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence.

Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood.

Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood.

Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood.

Making It in Midlife: The Unique Challenges of Middle Adulthood.

The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues.

Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues.

The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?

By the age of ____ years, most youngsters can apply the basic principles of counting to as many as nine objects, even though they may still make some mistakes.

Mariposa is lying in her crib, and is making elongated single vowel sounds, like "ahhhhhhh" and "oooooooh." Which of the following best describes her verbalizations?

Grammatical ____ are words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatically correct.

According to the core knowledge hypothesis, infants are born with some rudimentary knowledge of the world, and that knowledge is elaborated upon as they have experiences.

While Piaget believed that the theories that children develop about their worlds are comprehensive in explaining a variety of phenomena, the ____ hypothesis believes that infants are born with rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated upon based on the child's experiences.

In what way are newborns more linguistically sophisticated than the average adult?

According to your authors, which of the following would promote the BEST growth of cognitive skills?

By about ____ months of age, a child can distinguish two objects from three and three objects from four.

To help children learn the difference between the roles of speaker and listener in a conversation, adults should encourage ____ soon after children begin to speak.

Which of the following circumstances would promote the most cognitive growth in a child?

Which part of a newborn's brain appears to be the most sensitive to the use of language?

Laurentis is a three-month-old child who enjoys sucking on his thumb. According to Piaget, he probably first developed this enjoyment as a result of a(n)

Scott understands that when he counts his toy cars, there is one and only one number for each separate car. This demonstrates that Scott has mastered the principle of cardinality.

Mental software refers to mental and neural structures that are built in and that allow the mind to operate.

The idea that number names must be counted in the same sequence, without change, defines the ____.

Which is the BEST example of habituation?

Why is it that an orienting response tends to disappear after repeated exposure to a stimulus?

The Study of Human Development.

Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth.

Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood.

Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood.

Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence.

Moving into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence.

Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood.

Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood.

Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood.

Making It in Midlife: The Unique Challenges of Middle Adulthood.

The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues.

Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues.

The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement

Filters