Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

The process by which certain sensory information receives additional cognitive processing is called ____.

____ occurs when a teacher gauges the amount of assistance they provide to match the needs of a specific learner.

Private speech is to ____ as inner speech is to ____.

If a child believes that the name "cat" refers only to her own family's cat and to no other cats, she is a victim of

Which is a key cue used by infants when attempting to identify whether a sound represents a word?

Parents are more effective than videos in teaching new words to their children.

Marion has learned that whenever she cries in a specific way, her parents will give her the attention that she is seeking. Therefore she cries in that way whenever she wants that attention. The process of ____ conditioning has led to this outcome.

Children with a(n) ________________ linguistic style use language as a social tool to enhance their interactions with others.

Piaget's theory is often criticized for having overestimated the cognitive skills of infants and young children and for underestimating the cognitive skills of adolescents.

A(n) _______________ is an early infant vowel-like sound.

By the time the average child reaches six years of age, he or she will have a vocabulary of approximately ____ words.

"Daddy, can you help me get dressed?" Boris asked his father. "You can put on your pants and socks by yourself, but I'll help with your shirt and shoes," his father said. From Vygotsky's theory, Boris's father is using ____ when he does not give his son help on skills that his son has already mastered.

Isaac and Larry, two young brothers, are sitting at the breakfast table when their father gives them both a glass of chocolate milk. Isaac's glass is taller but thinner than Larry's glass, which is shorter but wider. Larry gets upset and complains that "Isaac got more milk!" The fact that Larry is only focusing on one feature of his milk glass demonstrates the Piagetian concept of

Which of the following is a useful strategy for helping children focus their attention and reduce distractions?

Young children draw conclusions about the meanings of words based on a few basic rules. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

When Maurice's father walks through the door after the end of a long day at work, Maurice jumps up, claps his hands, and runs to see Daddy. Lately, though, he has been dropping his toys and getting excited when he hears his father's keys in the lock. The fact that the response has changed stimuli is a demonstration of

Jaxon's father is teaching him to take a shower by himself, without help. First he turns on the water for Jaxon, helps him get in the tub, and instructs him on how to wash his hair and his body. The next evening, he turns on the water and helps Jaxon into the tub, but lets Jaxon wash himself. The next night, he lets Jaxon turn the water on and adjust the temperature himself. Finally, on the last night he asks Jaxon to go take a shower without helping him at all. This withdrawal of help that is no longer needed demonstrates _______________.

Millie is only 14 months of age, but has already started using some basic word like "mama," "dada," and "kitty." When her parents take her to the zoo, she points to the goats who are being fed by other children, and yells, "KITTY!" The fact that she is lumping a new animal into her existing schema of a kitty demonstrates

Russian psychologist ____ proposed the idea that development in childhood is an apprenticeship in which children advance when they collaborate with more-skilled others.

Why might you consider the appearance of overregularization a good thing in the process of a child's language development?