Question 1

This ability to understand another person's state of mind or experience is thought to underlie the development of moral reasoning and behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  compassion 
B)  empathy 
C)  apathy 
D)  sociability 
A)  compassion 
B)  empathy 
C)  apathy 
D)  sociability

Question 2

Many preoperational children are highly verbal but have trouble describing the world from any perceptual perspective but their own. This type of thinking is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  conservative 
B)  unobjective 
C)  egocentric 
D)  data-driven 
A)  conservative 
B)  unobjective 
C)  egocentric 
D)  data-driven

Question 3

The concrete operations stage differs from the formal operations stage in that

Accepted Answer

A)  the child can only perform logic in the formal operations stage 
B)  the child can perform abstract logic only in the first stage 
C)  the child can perform abstract logic only in the second stage 
D)  the child can read and write only in the second stage 
A)  the child can only perform logic in the formal operations stage 
B)  the child can perform abstract logic only in the first stage 
C)  the child can perform abstract logic only in the second stage 
D)  the child can read and write only in the second stage

Question 4

Wynn's (1992) work with 5-month old infants provided evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  Small infants do not have a concept of number 
B)  small infants are able to understand basic addition and subtraction. 
C)  Small infants did not differentiate their looking tie as a function of the task 
D)  Small infants could not attend to cognitive tasks 
A)  Small infants do not have a concept of number 
B)  small infants are able to understand basic addition and subtraction. 
C)  Small infants did not differentiate their looking tie as a function of the task 
D)  Small infants could not attend to cognitive tasks

Question 5

The Sally-Anne story is a task used to assess

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral judgements 
B)  False belief understanding 
C)  Language skills 
D)  Motor skills 
A)  Moral judgements 
B)  False belief understanding 
C)  Language skills 
D)  Motor skills

Question 6

Intentional reasoning has been found to develop from around 4 years of age

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

This theory proposes that moral judgements are frequently intuitive and emotional rather than rational

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral humanistic theory 
B)  Kohlberg's theory 
C)  Formal operations theory 
D)  Social intuitionism theory 
A)  Moral humanistic theory 
B)  Kohlberg's theory 
C)  Formal operations theory 
D)  Social intuitionism theory

Question 8

The most important scientific criticism levelled at Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of moral reasoning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the tests of moral reasoning do not predict moral behavior 
B)  the views about morality have changed since Kohlberg's model was described 
C)  the theory is biased toward adolescents and adults 
D)  the tests are better representations of how children and adults will act than how they feel about morality. 
A)  the tests of moral reasoning do not predict moral behavior 
B)  the views about morality have changed since Kohlberg's model was described 
C)  the theory is biased toward adolescents and adults 
D)  the tests are better representations of how children and adults will act than how they feel about morality.

Question 9

Nativism is the developmental view that babies enter the world

Accepted Answer

A)  with a set of innate abilities 
B)  with a sensitivity to all environmental input 
C)  with a blank slate; ready to learn 
D)  with no awareness of the visual aspects of their environments 
A)  with a set of innate abilities 
B)  with a sensitivity to all environmental input 
C)  with a blank slate; ready to learn 
D)  with no awareness of the visual aspects of their environments

Question 10

Three-year-old Gustavo has begun to use two and three word sentences and is very good at explaining what activities he'd like to engage in when his baby-sitter arrives. Gustavo is in this stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  pre-operations 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations 
A)  pre-operations 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations

Question 11

Tests of moral reasoning, like Kohlberg's, do not actually measure or observe moral reasoning in children and adolescents and do not predict moral behaviour

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

This term describes a situation when one is convinced that something is wrong but unable to explain why

Accepted Answer

A)  The zone of proximal development 
B)  Oblivious scenario 
C)  Morally dumbfounded 
D)  Moral dilemma 
A)  The zone of proximal development 
B)  Oblivious scenario 
C)  Morally dumbfounded 
D)  Moral dilemma

Question 13

When mum tries to play with seven-month-old Willie, she is frustrated because he won't reach for objects that she covers with her hands or a blanket. Willie has thus, not developed

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor skills 
B)  object permanence 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal logic 
A)  sensorimotor skills 
B)  object permanence 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal logic

Question 14

When Genevieve, was about 12 months old, she had just learned the word "ball." One night she looked up, pointed to the moon and delightedly observed, "Ball!" This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  schema acquisition 
D)  language detection 
A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  schema acquisition 
D)  language detection

Question 15

The zone of proximal development is

Accepted Answer

A)  the conceptual gap between the complexity of learning that a learner can master on their own and the complexity of learning which they can potentially master with the help of an expert instructor 
B)  the developmental stage lasting from approximately age 2 to 7, characterized by unthinking responses to internal and external stimuli and events. 
C)  the developmental stage lasting from approximately age 7 to 11 or 12, characterized by mastery of tasks involving the application of logic. 
D)  the understanding that an object may retain its identity even if its appearance has changed 
A)  the conceptual gap between the complexity of learning that a learner can master on their own and the complexity of learning which they can potentially master with the help of an expert instructor 
B)  the developmental stage lasting from approximately age 2 to 7, characterized by unthinking responses to internal and external stimuli and events. 
C)  the developmental stage lasting from approximately age 7 to 11 or 12, characterized by mastery of tasks involving the application of logic. 
D)  the understanding that an object may retain its identity even if its appearance has changed

Question 16

Which of the following is not a valid critique of Piaget's stage-theory of cognitive development

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's theory describes development, but does not explain how it happens. 
B)  Piaget did not sufficiently account for sociocultural influences on development. 
C)  Piaget overemphasized notion of stages of development. 
D)  Piaget's theory has not led to the development of any testable hypotheses. 
A)  Piaget's theory describes development, but does not explain how it happens. 
B)  Piaget did not sufficiently account for sociocultural influences on development. 
C)  Piaget overemphasized notion of stages of development. 
D)  Piaget's theory has not led to the development of any testable hypotheses.

Question 17

According to Kohlberg, each level of moral development is

Accepted Answer

A)  Less complex than the stage that came before it 
B)  More adequate than the level that came before it 
C)  Differs depending on cultural norms 
D)  Less adequate than the level that came before it 
A)  Less complex than the stage that came before it 
B)  More adequate than the level that came before it 
C)  Differs depending on cultural norms 
D)  Less adequate than the level that came before it

Question 18

The gap between what a child can understand alone and what they have the potential to understand after interaction with others is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

a. Zone of

Question 19

When children began to notice the many differences between various examples of categories they _________the new information by altering their existing schemas

Accepted Answer

The answer of When children began to notice the many...

Question 20

The ZPD have been retrospectively termed

Accepted Answer

A)  The critical periods 
B)  The core stages 
C)  scaffolding 
D)  The intermental plane 
A)  The critical periods 
B)  The core stages 
C)  scaffolding 
D)  The intermental plane

Exam 12: Cognitive Development

This ability to understand another person's state of mind or experience is thought to underlie the development of moral reasoning and behaviour.

Many preoperational children are highly verbal but have trouble describing the world from any perceptual perspective but their own. This type of thinking is termed

The concrete operations stage differs from the formal operations stage in that

Wynn's (1992) work with 5-month old infants provided evidence that

The Sally-Anne story is a task used to assess

Intentional reasoning has been found to develop from around 4 years of age

This theory proposes that moral judgements are frequently intuitive and emotional rather than rational

The most important scientific criticism levelled at Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of moral reasoning is that

Nativism is the developmental view that babies enter the world

Three-year-old Gustavo has begun to use two and three word sentences and is very good at explaining what activities he'd like to engage in when his baby-sitter arrives. Gustavo is in this stage of development.

Tests of moral reasoning, like Kohlberg's, do not actually measure or observe moral reasoning in children and adolescents and do not predict moral behaviour

This term describes a situation when one is convinced that something is wrong but unable to explain why

When mum tries to play with seven-month-old Willie, she is frustrated because he won't reach for objects that she covers with her hands or a blanket. Willie has thus, not developed

When Genevieve, was about 12 months old, she had just learned the word "ball." One night she looked up, pointed to the moon and delightedly observed, "Ball!" This is an example of

The zone of proximal development is

Which of the following is not a valid critique of Piaget's stage-theory of cognitive development

According to Kohlberg, each level of moral development is

The gap between what a child can understand alone and what they have the potential to understand after interaction with others is known as the ______.

When children began to notice the many differences between various examples of categories they _________the new information by altering their existing schemas

The ZPD have been retrospectively termed

Studying Psychology

The Science of Psychology

Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Basis of Mind and Behaviour

The Nature, Nurture, and Evolution of Behaviour

Consciousness

Learning

Perception, Sensation, and Attention

Memory

Thinking and Language

Social-Emotional Development in Children

Lifespan Development

Intelligence

Personality

Motivation

Emotion

Issues in Mental Health

Mental Health Treatment

Social Cognition

Social Influence and Attraction

Altruism and Antisocial Behaviour

Filters