Question 1

The fact that people who exhibit self-control in one situation often exhibit self-control in other situation is evidence that self-control is

Accepted Answer

A)  learned through experience 
B)  present from birth 
C)  a human trait 
D)  a pattern of learning 
A)  learned through experience 
B)  present from birth 
C)  a human trait 
D)  a pattern of learning C

Question 2

__________is the aspect of self-regulation which involves suppressing a powerful immediate desire or goal in the service of a more important overriding long-term goal.

Accepted Answer

Self-control

Question 3

Mischel and colleagues found that children who were able to exert self-control in the laboratory went on to earn high SAT scores in high school and went on to higher academic achievements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Researchers during the 1980s observed that people do NOT

Accepted Answer

A)  only compare themselves to similar others 
B)  always compare them to similar others 
C)  only compare themselves to dissimilar others 
D)  make social comparisons 
A)  only compare themselves to similar others 
B)  always compare them to similar others 
C)  only compare themselves to dissimilar others 
D)  make social comparisons

Question 5

The anxiety we perceive when we become aware of the conflict between our behaviour and our attitudes is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  attribution syndrome 
D)  fundamental attribution anxiety 
A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  attribution syndrome 
D)  fundamental attribution anxiety

Question 6

Which of the following is a cognitive bias towards attributing our own behaviour to situational factors, but others' behaviour to dispositional factors

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimenter-observer bias 
B)  Attribution bias 
C)  Actor-observer bias 
D)  Negativity bias 
A)  Experimenter-observer bias 
B)  Attribution bias 
C)  Actor-observer bias 
D)  Negativity bias

Question 7

Many aspects of social psychology involve psychological defence of the self. Describe psychological self-defence in cases of the self-serving bias and in terms of social comparison theory and cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

Psychological self-defence is a concept

Question 8

Leon Festinger (1954) is best know for his theory of

Accepted Answer

A)  Aggression 
B)  altruism 
C)  Social comparison 
D)  Attribution 
A)  Aggression 
B)  altruism 
C)  Social comparison 
D)  Attribution

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a form of self-serving bias

Accepted Answer

A)  Attributing your successes to your own effort 
B)  Overestimating your own contributions 
C)  Going out of your way to help others 
D)  Overestimating your positive attributes relative to others 
A)  Attributing your successes to your own effort 
B)  Overestimating your own contributions 
C)  Going out of your way to help others 
D)  Overestimating your positive attributes relative to others

Question 10

The human tendency to make judgment errors that are in favour of your own self is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  confidence bias 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  social comparison error 
A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  confidence bias 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  social comparison error

Question 11

An evaluative response to some person, idea, object, or event, or a feeling about one of those things, is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude 
B)  behaviour 
C)  belief 
D)  attribution 
A)  attitude 
B)  behaviour 
C)  belief 
D)  attribution

Question 12

Consensus is high when most people would behave in the same way in the same situation, whereas _________is high when the person regularly behaves in the same way when in that kind of situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consensus is high when most people would...

Question 13

Social psychology is the scientific study of the influence of social situations on individuals, and the influence of individuals on social situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to the strength model of self-control,

Accepted Answer

A)  self-control exists in a limited quantity that differs among people 
B)  self-control is learned mainly through modelling 
C)  self-control exists in moderate qualities among all people 
D)  self-control is related to the development of the self-concept 
A)  self-control exists in a limited quantity that differs among people 
B)  self-control is learned mainly through modelling 
C)  self-control exists in moderate qualities among all people 
D)  self-control is related to the development of the self-concept

Question 15

A __________takes place when we infer that an action corresponds to the actor's intentions and hence we can make a judgement about their disposition.

Accepted Answer

correspond

Question 16

According to social psychologists, each person's subjective awareness of, and ideas about, his or her own individual nature, characteristics, and very existence, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the ego 
B)  the self 
C)  consciousness 
D)  social awareness 
A)  the ego 
B)  the self 
C)  consciousness 
D)  social awareness

Question 17

All of the following are results from longitudinal studies of studies of self-control, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  High self-control children scored higher on SATs. 
B)  High self-control children were less likely to become bullies. 
C)  High self-control children were less likely to become obese. 
D)  Low self-control children are generally healthier and happier. 
A)  High self-control children scored higher on SATs. 
B)  High self-control children were less likely to become bullies. 
C)  High self-control children were less likely to become obese. 
D)  Low self-control children are generally healthier and happier.

Question 18

Baker and Emery (1993) surveys American couples applying for marriage licenses and asked them to estimate the percentage of marriages that end in divorce and the probability that their own marriage would fail. Which of the following statements is NOT true

Accepted Answer

A)  Couples underestimated the probability that their own marriage would fail 
B)  Couples correctly estimated the percentage of marriages that end in divorce 
C)  Couples correctly estimated the probability that their own marriage would fail 
D)  Participants showed unrealistic optimism in this study 
A)  Couples underestimated the probability that their own marriage would fail 
B)  Couples correctly estimated the percentage of marriages that end in divorce 
C)  Couples correctly estimated the probability that their own marriage would fail 
D)  Participants showed unrealistic optimism in this study

Question 19

The main problem with research on the fundamental attribution error is that

Accepted Answer

A)  most behaviour is the result of situational causes 
B)  it is very difficult to define where a situation ends and a person begins 
C)  people often are not honest in attributing causes to their own behavior 
D)  situational causes are merely illusions 
A)  most behaviour is the result of situational causes 
B)  it is very difficult to define where a situation ends and a person begins 
C)  people often are not honest in attributing causes to their own behavior 
D)  situational causes are merely illusions

Question 20

Laying aside a powerful, immediate desire, response, or goal in the service of more important, overriding long-term goals is called

Accepted Answer

A)  self-control 
B)  self-regulation 
C)  self-efficacy 
D)  self-esteem 
A)  self-control 
B)  self-regulation 
C)  self-efficacy 
D)  self-esteem

Exam 20: Social Cognition

The fact that people who exhibit self-control in one situation often exhibit self-control in other situation is evidence that self-control is

__________is the aspect of self-regulation which involves suppressing a powerful immediate desire or goal in the service of a more important overriding long-term goal.

Mischel and colleagues found that children who were able to exert self-control in the laboratory went on to earn high SAT scores in high school and went on to higher academic achievements.

Researchers during the 1980s observed that people do NOT

The anxiety we perceive when we become aware of the conflict between our behaviour and our attitudes is called

Which of the following is a cognitive bias towards attributing our own behaviour to situational factors, but others' behaviour to dispositional factors

Many aspects of social psychology involve psychological defence of the self. Describe psychological self-defence in cases of the self-serving bias and in terms of social comparison theory and cognitive dissonance.

Leon Festinger (1954) is best know for his theory of

Which of the following is NOT a form of self-serving bias

The human tendency to make judgment errors that are in favour of your own self is called the

An evaluative response to some person, idea, object, or event, or a feeling about one of those things, is called a(n)

Consensus is high when most people would behave in the same way in the same situation, whereas _________is high when the person regularly behaves in the same way when in that kind of situation.

Social psychology is the scientific study of the influence of social situations on individuals, and the influence of individuals on social situations.

According to the strength model of self-control,

A __________takes place when we infer that an action corresponds to the actor's intentions and hence we can make a judgement about their disposition.

According to social psychologists, each person's subjective awareness of, and ideas about, his or her own individual nature, characteristics, and very existence, is called

All of the following are results from longitudinal studies of studies of self-control, EXCEPT:

Baker and Emery (1993) surveys American couples applying for marriage licenses and asked them to estimate the percentage of marriages that end in divorce and the probability that their own marriage would fail. Which of the following statements is NOT true

The main problem with research on the fundamental attribution error is that

Laying aside a powerful, immediate desire, response, or goal in the service of more important, overriding long-term goals is called

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