Exam 16: Motivation

William James believed that instinctual behaviour resulted from specific events. For example, sympathy for a child might instinctually result from the sound of a child's cry. Psychologists refer to the child's cry as a(n)

Harris and Campbell (1999) concluded that

Kenrick and colleagues recently updated Maslow's hierarchy to summarize needs and motivations that are

A person may wish to increase her health, life span, and attractiveness and therefore be motivated to quit smoking. Yet the same person might also want to avoid the extreme discomfort brought on by tobacco withdrawal and therefore be motivated not to quit smoking. Those two conflicting goals will produce

Which of Maslow's original needs did Kenrick and colleagues contain within their categories of affiliation/belongingness, mate acquisition, mate retention, and parenting?

Maslow proposed that high-level needs become activated only when lower-level needs are satisfied

All of the following are defining characteristics of motivated behaviour, EXCEPT:

A growth mindset is based on the belief that intelligence is changeable, this believe is called the

According to this early motivational theory, behaviour is motivated primarily by the desire to reduce unpleasant conditions of arousal that result from basic physiological needs.

When an explanation consists merely of a label or a description-for example, "he starts fights because he is aggressive"-it is of limited value and can be called

These are mental states that cause people to engage in purposive behaviour

Immediate needs for food, water, and shelter, but also needs to associate with other people (affiliation) and enter close relationships (belongingness), are on this level of analysis in Kenrick's pyramid.

Which of the following tenets of Maslow's original hierarchy of needs has been corroborated by scientific evidence since the 1990s?

In 1981 Doran proposed the idea of SMART targets. Which of the following is not one of the five characteristics of a target?

The term ___________was coined to replace use of the term instinct among most scientists.

When you throw your hands up reflexively, to protect your face from a foul ball at a baseball game, your behaviour is not motivated because it is not

All of the following statements describe motivations that are nearly universal, EXCEPT:

This term describes the homeostatic drive state intended to satisfy needs for immediate energy and/or overall nutrition.

Describe the self-efficacy and goal-setting cognitive approaches to motivation, in your answer critically compare the two approaches.

If Dr. Foster describes Bob as an honest, conscientious, and sociable person, she is describing him using