Exam 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Which of the following is a key molecule in the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

In the light reactions of photosynthesis,

6-Mercaptopurine is a potent inhibitor of

Photosystems I and II share the property of absorbing light and transferring energy to chlorophyll.

DNA and RNA contain deoxyribose or ribose in repeated linkages. Yet the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA differs greatly from that of long polysaccharides such as starch or glycogen. Describe this difference.

Gluconeogenesis can produce glucose beginning with

Light is absorbed by photosystems I and II. Based on the known pigments in a chloroplast photocenter, would you expect the isolated chloroplasts to show a single component light absorption spectra?

The Calvin cycle is involved in the synthesis of _______ from _______.

Plants store glucose in the form of _______, and animals store glucose in the form of _______.

The ultimate acceptor of electrons from the electron transport chain is _______.

When electrons from the cofactors reduced by breakdown of one glucose are transferred to oxygen in mitochondria, the process is coupled to the formation of _______ molecules of ATP.

To harvest energy in the absence of oxygen, a cell breaks down glucose at a steady and rapid rate. If oxygen becomes available, the rate of glucose breakdown will decrease and be maintained at a much lower rate than in the absence of oxygen. Explain why this occurs.

The gluconeogenesis pathway in animal cells directly reverses glycolysis to synthesize glucose.

Pyruvate is a product of glycolytic metabolism of glucose. Pyruvate is also a major intermediate in glucose formation through gluconeogenesis. Why should gluconeogenesis not be considered the reverse of glycolysis?

Most of the ATP derived from the breakdown of glucose in anaerobic cells is derived from glycolysis.

Per unit weight, carbohydrates are more efficient energy storage molecules than lipids.

The citric acid cycle produces two reduced cofactors, NADH and _______.

In the synthesis of glycogen, glucose-1-phosphate reacts with a nucleotide triphosphate to form _______-glucose.

Polymerization of amino acids to form proteins requires additional energy in the form of ATP and GTP.

Glycolysis can act on glucose or fatty acids as initial substrates.