Question 1

The use of double-stranded RNA to inhibit expression of a gene with a complementary sequence is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of double-stranded RNA to inhibit...

Question 2

What is unique about RNA tumor viruses (retroviruses) that allows their RNA genome to be replicated and inserted as DNA into host cells?

Accepted Answer

Retroviruses encode a very unique enzyme

Question 3

Expression of a human protein in a bacterial cell is best done with human

Accepted Answer

A)  cDNA in a bacterial expression vector. 
B)  genomic DNA in a bacterial expression vector. 
C)  cDNA in a virus-derived eukaryotic expression vector. 
D)  genomic DNA in a virus-derived eukaryotic expression vector. 
A)  cDNA in a bacterial expression vector. 
B)  genomic DNA in a bacterial expression vector. 
C)  cDNA in a virus-derived eukaryotic expression vector. 
D)  genomic DNA in a virus-derived eukaryotic expression vector.

Question 4

A cDNA molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA synthesized from an RNA template using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. 
B)  the nucleic acid portion of a ribosome. 
C)  a DNA molecule capable of independent replication in a host cell. 
D)  RNA or single-stranded DNA, complementary to the mRNA of a gene of interest, that hybridizes with the mRNA and blocks its translation. 
A)  DNA synthesized from an RNA template using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. 
B)  the nucleic acid portion of a ribosome. 
C)  a DNA molecule capable of independent replication in a host cell. 
D)  RNA or single-stranded DNA, complementary to the mRNA of a gene of interest, that hybridizes with the mRNA and blocks its translation.

Question 5

Which molecule serves as an adaptor between amino acids and mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  siRNA 
A)  rRNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  siRNA

Question 6

The SDS in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of a protein is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  neutralize the charge of a protein so that charge is not a factor in its rate of migration. 
B)  denature the protein and give it an overall negative charge. 
C)  cross-link the protein's structure so that it does not become denatured during electrophoresis. 
D)  digest the protein into smaller fragments that are more easily separated by electrophoresis. 
A)  neutralize the charge of a protein so that charge is not a factor in its rate of migration. 
B)  denature the protein and give it an overall negative charge. 
C)  cross-link the protein's structure so that it does not become denatured during electrophoresis. 
D)  digest the protein into smaller fragments that are more easily separated by electrophoresis.

Question 7

The most common method of DNA sequencing is based on premature termination of DNA synthesis by inclusion of

Accepted Answer

A)  dideoxynucleotides. 
B)  endonuclease. 
C)  ampicillin. 
D)  puromycin. 
A)  dideoxynucleotides. 
B)  endonuclease. 
C)  ampicillin. 
D)  puromycin.

Question 8

Which of the following deletions will not change the reading frame of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  One nucleotide 
B)  Two nucleotides 
C)  Three nucleotides 
D)  Four nucleotides 
A)  One nucleotide 
B)  Two nucleotides 
C)  Three nucleotides 
D)  Four nucleotides

Question 9

DNA can be introduced into cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  microinjection into the nucleus of a cell. 
B)  fusion of DNA-containing liposomes with cells. 
C)  infection with engineered retroviruses. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  microinjection into the nucleus of a cell. 
B)  fusion of DNA-containing liposomes with cells. 
C)  infection with engineered retroviruses. 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

Which technique would be used to clone intact pieces of human DNA that are 400 kb pairs long?

Accepted Answer

A)  An E. coli plasmid 
B)  Bacteriophage $\lambda$ 
C)  Yeast artificial chromosomes 
D)  Polymerase chain reaction 
A)  An E. coli plasmid 
B)  Bacteriophage $\lambda$ 
C)  Yeast artificial chromosomes 
D)  Polymerase chain reaction

Question 11

Heat-denatured DNA will renature when cooled to about

Accepted Answer

A)  95 $\degree$C. 
B)  65 $\degree$C. 
C)  37 $\degree$C. 
D)  20 $\degree$C. 
A)  95 $\degree$C. 
B)  65 $\degree$C. 
C)  37 $\degree$C. 
D)  20 $\degree$C.

Question 12

The restriction enzyme NotI recognizes a specific DNA sequence of eight base pairs and cleaves at that site. Statistically, in any genome there should be one NotI recognition site for every _______ base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  38 
B)  83 
C)  48 
D)  84 
A)  38 
B)  83 
C)  48 
D)  84

Question 13

Which sequence correctly outlines the process of RNA interference, beginning with a double-stranded RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unwinding of siRNA; cleavage by Dicer; association with RISC; pairing with target mRNA; mRNA cleavage 
B)  Reverse transcription of RNA to cDNA; addition of oligonucleotide linkers containing restriction endonuclease cleavage sites; cDNA ligation to appropriate vector; introduction of recombinant molecule into E. Coli 
C)  Cleavage by Dicer; association with RISC; unwinding of siRNA; pairing with target mRNA; mRNA cleavage 
D)  Reverse transcription of RNA to cDNA; double-stranded DNA heated to separate strands; cooling to allow primers to bind to each strand of DNA; synthesis of new DNA molecules by Taq polymerase 
A)  Unwinding of siRNA; cleavage by Dicer; association with RISC; pairing with target mRNA; mRNA cleavage 
B)  Reverse transcription of RNA to cDNA; addition of oligonucleotide linkers containing restriction endonuclease cleavage sites; cDNA ligation to appropriate vector; introduction of recombinant molecule into E. Coli 
C)  Cleavage by Dicer; association with RISC; unwinding of siRNA; pairing with target mRNA; mRNA cleavage 
D)  Reverse transcription of RNA to cDNA; double-stranded DNA heated to separate strands; cooling to allow primers to bind to each strand of DNA; synthesis of new DNA molecules by Taq polymerase

Question 14

The process by which proteins are made from RNA templates is called

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription. 
B)  translation. 
C)  transposition. 
D)  interpretation. 
A)  transcription. 
B)  translation. 
C)  transposition. 
D)  interpretation.

Question 15

Why can't a digest of human genomic DNA be resolved by gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once cut by the restriction enzyme, the fragments are unstable 
B)  A typical digest of the human genome produces too many fragments to resolve 
C)  The fragments will be too large to move through the gel 
D)  The fragments will all be the same size 
A)  Once cut by the restriction enzyme, the fragments are unstable 
B)  A typical digest of the human genome produces too many fragments to resolve 
C)  The fragments will be too large to move through the gel 
D)  The fragments will all be the same size

Question 16

Deduction of the structure of DNA was based on X-ray diffraction patterns obtained by

Accepted Answer

A)  Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. 
B)  Pauling. 
C)  Meselson and Stahl. 
D)  Wilkins and Franklin. 
A)  Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. 
B)  Pauling. 
C)  Meselson and Stahl. 
D)  Wilkins and Franklin.

Question 17

Transgenic mice carry a foreign gene

Accepted Answer

A)  only in their germ line cells. 
B)  only in their somatic cells. 
C)  in some cells (both germ line and somatic) but not in others-transgenic mice are chimeras. 
D)  in all of their cells. 
A)  only in their germ line cells. 
B)  only in their somatic cells. 
C)  in some cells (both germ line and somatic) but not in others-transgenic mice are chimeras. 
D)  in all of their cells.

Question 18

Which vector would be used to express a human protein in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A)  An expression plasmid containing cDNA made from mRNA for the human protein 
B)  An expression plasmid containing an EcoRI-cut piece of the gene for the human protein 
C)  The human gene for the protein inserted into E. coli by a bacteriophage $\lambda$expression vector 
D)  A yeast artificial chromosome containing the human gene for the protein 
A)  An expression plasmid containing cDNA made from mRNA for the human protein 
B)  An expression plasmid containing an EcoRI-cut piece of the gene for the human protein 
C)  The human gene for the protein inserted into E. coli by a bacteriophage $\lambda$expression vector 
D)  A yeast artificial chromosome containing the human gene for the protein

Question 19

Transgenic mice are usually produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  infecting mice with viruses carrying the gene. 
B)  injecting DNA containing the gene into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg. 
C)  injecting nuclei from embryonic stem cells into enucleated eggs. 
D)  injecting RNA coding for a human protein into the nucleus of a fertilized egg. 
A)  infecting mice with viruses carrying the gene. 
B)  injecting DNA containing the gene into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg. 
C)  injecting nuclei from embryonic stem cells into enucleated eggs. 
D)  injecting RNA coding for a human protein into the nucleus of a fertilized egg.

Question 20

The technique by which fragments of DNA are separated by gel electrophoresis, denatured, blotted on nitrocellulose paper, labeled with a complementary radioactive probe, and detected by autoradiography is called _______ blotting.

Accepted Answer

A)  Southern 
B)  Northern 
C)  Western 
D)  Eastern 
A)  Southern 
B)  Northern 
C)  Western 
D)  Eastern

The use of double-stranded RNA to inhibit expression of a gene with a complementary sequence is called _______.

What is unique about RNA tumor viruses (retroviruses) that allows their RNA genome to be replicated and inserted as DNA into host cells?

Expression of a human protein in a bacterial cell is best done with human

A cDNA molecule is

Which molecule serves as an adaptor between amino acids and mRNA during translation?

The SDS in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of a protein is used to

The most common method of DNA sequencing is based on premature termination of DNA synthesis by inclusion of

Which of the following deletions will not change the reading frame of a gene?

DNA can be introduced into cells by

Which technique would be used to clone intact pieces of human DNA that are 400 kb pairs long?

Heat-denatured DNA will renature when cooled to about

The restriction enzyme NotI recognizes a specific DNA sequence of eight base pairs and cleaves at that site. Statistically, in any genome there should be one NotI recognition site for every _______ base pairs.

Which sequence correctly outlines the process of RNA interference, beginning with a double-stranded RNA molecule?

The process by which proteins are made from RNA templates is called

Why can't a digest of human genomic DNA be resolved by gel electrophoresis?

Deduction of the structure of DNA was based on X-ray diffraction patterns obtained by

Transgenic mice carry a foreign gene

Which vector would be used to express a human protein in E. coli?

Transgenic mice are usually produced by

The technique by which fragments of DNA are separated by gel electrophoresis, denatured, blotted on nitrocellulose paper, labeled with a complementary radioactive probe, and detected by autoradiography is called _______ blotting.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

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Exam 4: Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

The use of double-stranded RNA to inhibit expression of a gene with a complementary sequence is called _______.

What is unique about RNA tumor viruses (retroviruses) that allows their RNA genome to be replicated and inserted as DNA into host cells?

Expression of a human protein in a bacterial cell is best done with human

A cDNA molecule is

Which molecule serves as an adaptor between amino acids and mRNA during translation?

The SDS in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of a protein is used to

The most common method of DNA sequencing is based on premature termination of DNA synthesis by inclusion of

Which of the following deletions will not change the reading frame of a gene?

DNA can be introduced into cells by

Which technique would be used to clone intact pieces of human DNA that are 400 kb pairs long?

Heat-denatured DNA will renature when cooled to about

The restriction enzyme NotI recognizes a specific DNA sequence of eight base pairs and cleaves at that site. Statistically, in any genome there should be one NotI recognition site for every _______ base pairs.

Which sequence correctly outlines the process of RNA interference, beginning with a double-stranded RNA molecule?

The process by which proteins are made from RNA templates is called

Why can't a digest of human genomic DNA be resolved by gel electrophoresis?

Deduction of the structure of DNA was based on X-ray diffraction patterns obtained by

Transgenic mice carry a foreign gene

Which vector would be used to express a human protein in E. coli?

Transgenic mice are usually produced by

The technique by which fragments of DNA are separated by gel electrophoresis, denatured, blotted on nitrocellulose paper, labeled with a complementary radioactive probe, and detected by autoradiography is called _______ blotting.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters