Question 1

What percentage of couples have women earning 60% or more of the family income?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  20% 
C)  70% 
D)  5% 
E)  10% 
A)  50% 
B)  20% 
C)  70% 
D)  5% 
E)  10%

Question 2

While maintenance, both indoor and outdoor, is thought of as more of a 'pink' job, household cleaning is thought of as more of a 'blue' job.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to the researchers, there was evidence of a trade-off for women in terms of their increased economic performance in the labour market causing their partner to contribute more to domestic tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What do emotional and cognitive labour refer to? How do they allow for a household to function effectively?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive labour refers to mental tasks

Question 5

Female Canadian artists' artwork sells for less at auction than that of their male colleagues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What was the methodology used in this research and how was data collected?

Accepted Answer

A quantitative data collection method wa

Question 7

How has the outsourcing of housework services changed housework? Does it benefit men more than women? Explain how.

Accepted Answer

While more domestic work like house clea

Question 8

How have gender roles in the household changed over time? Can you see this happening in your household of the houssehold of someone you know?

Accepted Answer

Gender roles in the household have chang

Question 9

After seeing the changes from 1986 to 2015, what changes do you think have happened since 2015? If you think about the diversity found in Canada, how do you think cultural differences may affect how domestic chores are divided?

Accepted Answer

Since 2015, there have likely been furth

Question 10

According to research findings, how likely were men to do housework in 1986 compared to 2015?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% in 1986 and 80% in 2015 
B)  95 % in 1986 and 34 % in 2015 
C)  67% in 1986 and 85% in 2015 
D)  58 % in 1986 and 99% in 2015 
E)  45% in 1986 and 75 % in 2015 
A)  20% in 1986 and 80% in 2015 
B)  95 % in 1986 and 34 % in 2015 
C)  67% in 1986 and 85% in 2015 
D)  58 % in 1986 and 99% in 2015 
E)  45% in 1986 and 75 % in 2015

Question 11

How have you noticed the effect of the pandemic on the families around you? Have any roles changed in your or nearby households?

Accepted Answer

The pandemic has had a significant impac

Question 12

What is meant by the idea of modern 'super mums'?

Accepted Answer

A)  A woman who balances working from home, and household duties and child care 
B)  A woman who excels in a high-paying job while also contributing significantly to household duties and child care 
C)  A woman who excels in a high-paying job and becomes the breadwinner for the family 
D)  A woman who excels in a high-paying job and has more than 2 children 
E)  c and d are correct 
A)  A woman who balances working from home, and household duties and child care 
B)  A woman who excels in a high-paying job while also contributing significantly to household duties and child care 
C)  A woman who excels in a high-paying job and becomes the breadwinner for the family 
D)  A woman who excels in a high-paying job and has more than 2 children 
E)  c and d are correct

Question 13

A reason for gender convergence that may confuse our understanding is that outsourcing of services for housework is mostly for the benefit of men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Even in traditional families focused on male patriarchal dominance, research demonstrates that women and men's contributions to household responsibilities have been convergent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What is the major factor that has motivated changes in household responsibilities in couples?

Accepted Answer

A)  The women's independence movement 
B)  The growth of common-law couples 
C)  A decrease in interest by men to be the breadwinners 
D)  The growth of dual-earner couples 
E)  Having a lower number of children 
A)  The women's independence movement 
B)  The growth of common-law couples 
C)  A decrease in interest by men to be the breadwinners 
D)  The growth of dual-earner couples 
E)  Having a lower number of children

Question 16

In the past 30 years, what is the biggest percentage change in household activity in relation to gender convergence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women now report doing about 60% of the cooking, down from about 80% in 1986. 
B)  Men now report doing about 50% of the cleaning, up from about 20% in 1986. 
C)  Women now report doing about 45% of the maintenance, down from about 60% in 1986. 
D)  Men now report doing about 55% of the cleaning, up from about 10% in 1986. 
E)  a and c are correct 
A)  Women now report doing about 60% of the cooking, down from about 80% in 1986. 
B)  Men now report doing about 50% of the cleaning, up from about 20% in 1986. 
C)  Women now report doing about 45% of the maintenance, down from about 60% in 1986. 
D)  Men now report doing about 55% of the cleaning, up from about 10% in 1986. 
E)  a and c are correct

Question 17

What effect has COVID-19 had on the gender distribution of domestic responsibilities? How have things changed (or not) for men and women?

Accepted Answer

Early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, popul

Question 18

Cooking is traditionally understood as women's work and it may be less susceptible to gender convergence than cleaning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is referred to as the 'breadwinner'?

Accepted Answer

A)  The spouse with the larger responsibility for household chores 
B)  The partner who brings in approximately 99% of the family income 
C)  The partner who brings in more than 60% of the family income 
D)  The spouse with a lower income but a better job 
E)  The partner who can afford to buy bread 
A)  The spouse with the larger responsibility for household chores 
B)  The partner who brings in approximately 99% of the family income 
C)  The partner who brings in more than 60% of the family income 
D)  The spouse with a lower income but a better job 
E)  The partner who can afford to buy bread

Exam 14: Changing Gender Time Distributions in Domestic Duties: 1986-2015

What percentage of couples have women earning 60% or more of the family income?

While maintenance, both indoor and outdoor, is thought of as more of a 'pink' job, household cleaning is thought of as more of a 'blue' job.

According to the researchers, there was evidence of a trade-off for women in terms of their increased economic performance in the labour market causing their partner to contribute more to domestic tasks.

What do emotional and cognitive labour refer to? How do they allow for a household to function effectively?

Female Canadian artists' artwork sells for less at auction than that of their male colleagues.

What was the methodology used in this research and how was data collected?

How has the outsourcing of housework services changed housework? Does it benefit men more than women? Explain how.

How have gender roles in the household changed over time? Can you see this happening in your household of the houssehold of someone you know?

After seeing the changes from 1986 to 2015, what changes do you think have happened since 2015? If you think about the diversity found in Canada, how do you think cultural differences may affect how domestic chores are divided?

According to research findings, how likely were men to do housework in 1986 compared to 2015?

How have you noticed the effect of the pandemic on the families around you? Have any roles changed in your or nearby households?

What is meant by the idea of modern 'super mums'?

A reason for gender convergence that may confuse our understanding is that outsourcing of services for housework is mostly for the benefit of men.

Even in traditional families focused on male patriarchal dominance, research demonstrates that women and men's contributions to household responsibilities have been convergent.

What is the major factor that has motivated changes in household responsibilities in couples?

In the past 30 years, what is the biggest percentage change in household activity in relation to gender convergence?

What effect has COVID-19 had on the gender distribution of domestic responsibilities? How have things changed (or not) for men and women?

Cooking is traditionally understood as women's work and it may be less susceptible to gender convergence than cleaning.

What is referred to as the 'breadwinner'?

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