Question 1

Over a thirty-year period, fewer men reported doing more housework.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

How have changes in the workforce affected gender convergence in the distribution of domestic responsibilities? What can be observed from households with female breadwinners?

Accepted Answer

The changes in the labour force have led

Question 3

The breadwinner is traditionally defined as the partner who earns more than 85% of the family's income.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When it comes to gendered contributions to housekeeping, there is little difference between married and common-law couples.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When it comes to modifying the distribution of home labour, shifting values may be as important as or even more essential than changes in the organization of paid employment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

During the course of an average day in 1986, women were more likely than men to do what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do housework 
B)  Spend more time doing housework 
C)  Work outside of the home 
D)  Work online while doing housework 
E)  a and b are correct 
A)  Do housework 
B)  Spend more time doing housework 
C)  Work outside of the home 
D)  Work online while doing housework 
E)  a and b are correct

Question 7

In thirty years, the change in the gender distribution of household work has been relatively symmetrical, with women doing less and men doing more in roughly similar quantities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Part or all of the gender convergence in Canada could be explained by the changing structure of the workforce: there are fewer married men working for pay than in previous decades.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

More domestic work was done by Canadian heterosexual couples with children under the age of 18 after the pandemic compared to before the pandemic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is one example in which changes in demography could impact the division of labour in a household?

Accepted Answer

A)  Common-law couples becoming more prevalent might lead to couples being more likely to share domestic duties. 
B)  Traditional couples maintain their living arrangements with women doing maintenance work. 
C)  Fewer traditional couples might lead to couples breaking away from the notion that there are blue jobs and pink jobs in the household. 
D)  Common-law couples becoming more prevalent might lead to couples being less likely to share domestic duties. 
E)  a and c are correct 
A)  Common-law couples becoming more prevalent might lead to couples being more likely to share domestic duties. 
B)  Traditional couples maintain their living arrangements with women doing maintenance work. 
C)  Fewer traditional couples might lead to couples breaking away from the notion that there are blue jobs and pink jobs in the household. 
D)  Common-law couples becoming more prevalent might lead to couples being less likely to share domestic duties. 
E)  a and c are correct

Question 11

In 2015, over 80% of women and 90% of men were in the labour force, a sharp rise for women from 1986 and a small drop for men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

How have domestic responsibilities changed over time? Mention and describe two reasons for a decrease in women's housework.

Accepted Answer

Based on the collected data, domestic re

Question 13

What is not an example of how changes in culture can shape expectations of gender roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  More women might feel empowered by the women's movement. 
B)  Women might come to expect that their male partners should share in more of the housework duties. 
C)  Egalitarian gender values might now be adopted by more men. 
D)  Men may have come increasingly to view housework as a shared obligation rather than only for women. 
E)  All of the above are correct 
A)  More women might feel empowered by the women's movement. 
B)  Women might come to expect that their male partners should share in more of the housework duties. 
C)  Egalitarian gender values might now be adopted by more men. 
D)  Men may have come increasingly to view housework as a shared obligation rather than only for women. 
E)  All of the above are correct

Question 14

Early research suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, women's share of childcare and other household responsibilities have only increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Nowadays, women sometimes receive more pay than men, even when doing work of equal value in many different fields.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is gender convergence and what are three possible explanations for it in relation to the time allocated to domestic responsibilities?

Accepted Answer

Based on the text, gender convergence re

Question 17

By 2015, both men and women participated equally in housework in most households.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Over the thirty-year interval, men reported ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  doing more maintenance work at home 
B)  doing less maintenance work at home 
C)  doing more work around the house 
D)  doing less work around the house 
E)  b and c are correct 
A)  doing more maintenance work at home 
B)  doing less maintenance work at home 
C)  doing more work around the house 
D)  doing less work around the house 
E)  b and c are correct

Question 19

Over recent decades, international evidence shows parallel findings of gender convergence in the time women and men allocated to housework in Australia, the USA, and Canada.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What was reported by researchers in Iceland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women reported doing more of the "mental work" associated with running a household 
B)  Women were more responsible for family safety, security, and well-being compared to men 
C)  Women were more responsible for the oversight of hygiene and the purchasing of hand sanitizer and surgical masks 
D)  Women were more responsible for monitoring and training young children on proper mask-wearing and physical distancing compared to men 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Women reported doing more of the "mental work" associated with running a household 
B)  Women were more responsible for family safety, security, and well-being compared to men 
C)  Women were more responsible for the oversight of hygiene and the purchasing of hand sanitizer and surgical masks 
D)  Women were more responsible for monitoring and training young children on proper mask-wearing and physical distancing compared to men 
E)  All of the above

Exam 14: Changing Gender Time Distributions in Domestic Duties: 1986-2015

Over a thirty-year period, fewer men reported doing more housework.

How have changes in the workforce affected gender convergence in the distribution of domestic responsibilities? What can be observed from households with female breadwinners?

The breadwinner is traditionally defined as the partner who earns more than 85% of the family's income.

When it comes to gendered contributions to housekeeping, there is little difference between married and common-law couples.

When it comes to modifying the distribution of home labour, shifting values may be as important as or even more essential than changes in the organization of paid employment.

During the course of an average day in 1986, women were more likely than men to do what?

In thirty years, the change in the gender distribution of household work has been relatively symmetrical, with women doing less and men doing more in roughly similar quantities.

Part or all of the gender convergence in Canada could be explained by the changing structure of the workforce: there are fewer married men working for pay than in previous decades.

More domestic work was done by Canadian heterosexual couples with children under the age of 18 after the pandemic compared to before the pandemic.

What is one example in which changes in demography could impact the division of labour in a household?

In 2015, over 80% of women and 90% of men were in the labour force, a sharp rise for women from 1986 and a small drop for men.

How have domestic responsibilities changed over time? Mention and describe two reasons for a decrease in women's housework.

What is not an example of how changes in culture can shape expectations of gender roles?

Early research suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, women's share of childcare and other household responsibilities have only increased.

Nowadays, women sometimes receive more pay than men, even when doing work of equal value in many different fields.

What is gender convergence and what are three possible explanations for it in relation to the time allocated to domestic responsibilities?

By 2015, both men and women participated equally in housework in most households.

Over the thirty-year interval, men reported ________.

Over recent decades, international evidence shows parallel findings of gender convergence in the time women and men allocated to housework in Australia, the USA, and Canada.

What was reported by researchers in Iceland?

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