Question 1

Which of the following does not factor into the calculation of the low-income cut-off (LICO)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Household size 
B)  Community Size 
C)  Year 
D)  Age of family members 
E)  Income 
A)  Household size 
B)  Community Size 
C)  Year 
D)  Age of family members 
E)  Income D

Question 2

Taking both income and consumption tax into account the overall redistribution effect of the Canadian taxation system is strong and positive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Families are better able to avoid poverty than are individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

How do we measure the distribution of earned income in Canada? Why do we require a measure of distribution? What pattern emerges in the distribution of income in Canada?

Accepted Answer

We measure the distribution of income in

Question 5

Between 1951 and 2001, the top quintile was the only grouping that saw a substantial increase in its share of the national income.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Canada's economy has historically followed boom and bust cycles that affect all Canadians equally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Why do some fear the elimination or reduction of social programs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taxes would be higher. 
B)  It would alter the distribution of income, only minimally affecting the people of the highest quintile. 
C)  It would alter the distribution of income, only minimally affecting the people of the lowest quintile. 
D)  It would drastically alter the distribution of income and directly affect the people of the highest quintile. 
E)  It would drastically alter the distribution of income and directly affect the people of the lowest quintile. 
A)  Taxes would be higher. 
B)  It would alter the distribution of income, only minimally affecting the people of the highest quintile. 
C)  It would alter the distribution of income, only minimally affecting the people of the lowest quintile. 
D)  It would drastically alter the distribution of income and directly affect the people of the highest quintile. 
E)  It would drastically alter the distribution of income and directly affect the people of the lowest quintile.

Question 8

Income distribution in Canada has remained relatively uniform because of the welfare state, not in spite of it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What group constitutes the largest proportion of low-income Canadians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single adults over the age of 65 
B)  Single adults under the age of 65 
C)  Children in two-parent families 
D)  Children in single, female-headed households 
E)  Families with six members or more 
A)  Single adults over the age of 65 
B)  Single adults under the age of 65 
C)  Children in two-parent families 
D)  Children in single, female-headed households 
E)  Families with six members or more

Question 10

The low-income measure (LIM) is not as simple nor as intuitive to calculate as the low-income cut-off (LICO) and market-basket measure

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What are the different approaches to measuring poverty? Which approach is used in Canada? Using information from your textbook, outline the challenges to each approach.

Accepted Answer

Students should distinguish between abso

Question 12

Many middle-income Canadians are feeling that it is increasingly difficult to maintain their standard of living.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Real income growth for families from the 1950s through the 1970s is a reflection of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  A period of sustained and unprecedented expansion in Canada's economy 
B)  A period of unsustained and unprecedented expansion in Canada's economy 
C)  Stagnation of the workforce despite increasing numbers of women in the workforce 
D)  Decreasing productivity 
E)  What a household can purchase at the store 
A)  A period of sustained and unprecedented expansion in Canada's economy 
B)  A period of unsustained and unprecedented expansion in Canada's economy 
C)  Stagnation of the workforce despite increasing numbers of women in the workforce 
D)  Decreasing productivity 
E)  What a household can purchase at the store

Question 14

Focusing only on the poverty line will overlook how the remaining majority of Canada's national income is distributed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Most of Canada's economic and social data are collected by what government agency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSD
C)  
B)  Statistics Canada 
C)  Canadian Centre for Social Development (CCS
D)  
D)  Bank of Canada 
E)  Canada Revenue Agency (CR
A)  
A)  Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSD
C)  
B)  Statistics Canada 
C)  Canadian Centre for Social Development (CCS
D)  
D)  Bank of Canada 
E)  Canada Revenue Agency (CR
A)

Question 16

Personal and journalistic accounts are the best approach to looking at inequality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How are you enmeshed in the Canadian welfare state? How would your life change if we didn't have one?

Accepted Answer

As a citizen of Canada, I am enmeshed in

Question 18

In Canada today not having an Internet connection at home is an indicator of relative poverty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What share of income would be allotted to the middle quintile if income were distributed perfectly equitably in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  20 percent 
C)  30 percent 
D)  40 percent 
E)  50 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  20 percent 
C)  30 percent 
D)  40 percent 
E)  50 percent

Question 20

High-income professionals are increasingly marrying outside of their status group, causing a downward redistribution of income.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Poverty and Income Inequality: Measures and Trends

Which of the following does not factor into the calculation of the low-income cut-off (LICO)?

Taking both income and consumption tax into account the overall redistribution effect of the Canadian taxation system is strong and positive.

Families are better able to avoid poverty than are individuals.

How do we measure the distribution of earned income in Canada? Why do we require a measure of distribution? What pattern emerges in the distribution of income in Canada?

Between 1951 and 2001, the top quintile was the only grouping that saw a substantial increase in its share of the national income.

Canada's economy has historically followed boom and bust cycles that affect all Canadians equally.

Why do some fear the elimination or reduction of social programs?

Income distribution in Canada has remained relatively uniform because of the welfare state, not in spite of it.

What group constitutes the largest proportion of low-income Canadians?

The low-income measure (LIM) is not as simple nor as intuitive to calculate as the low-income cut-off (LICO) and market-basket measure

What are the different approaches to measuring poverty? Which approach is used in Canada? Using information from your textbook, outline the challenges to each approach.

Many middle-income Canadians are feeling that it is increasingly difficult to maintain their standard of living.

Real income growth for families from the 1950s through the 1970s is a reflection of what?

Focusing only on the poverty line will overlook how the remaining majority of Canada's national income is distributed.

Most of Canada's economic and social data are collected by what government agency?

Personal and journalistic accounts are the best approach to looking at inequality.

How are you enmeshed in the Canadian welfare state? How would your life change if we didn't have one?

In Canada today not having an Internet connection at home is an indicator of relative poverty.

What share of income would be allotted to the middle quintile if income were distributed perfectly equitably in Canada?

High-income professionals are increasingly marrying outside of their status group, causing a downward redistribution of income.

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