Question 1

What is the main thesis of the modernization model? How does this approach explain regional underdevelopment?

Accepted Answer

The modernization model argues that growth can occur from the development and spread of modern values, urbanization, and industrialization. This approach therefore suggests that underdevelopment results from the incompatibility of traditional social, cultural, or political institutions with those that are required for development and complete integration. (Explanations of Regional Inequality)

Question 2

Canadians generally express a positive identification with their nation but a negative identification with their province.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Watkins (1977) suggested that staples theory only has explanatory value if applied to countries with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large populations, and few inhibiting traditions 
B)  small populations in relation to their land mass and resources, and few inhibiting traditions 
C)  small populations in relation to their land mass, and many inhibiting traditions 
D)  large populations in relation to their land mass and resources, and few inhibiting traditions 
E)  small populations, and few inhibiting traditions 
A)  large populations, and few inhibiting traditions 
B)  small populations in relation to their land mass and resources, and few inhibiting traditions 
C)  small populations in relation to their land mass, and many inhibiting traditions 
D)  large populations in relation to their land mass and resources, and few inhibiting traditions 
E)  small populations, and few inhibiting traditions B

Question 4

While there is general agreement on the importance of regionalism and regional inequality in Canada, what remains an important problem for assessing trends in inequality and for implementing policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The definition of region 
B)  The distribution of political capital across regions 
C)  Industrial concentration 
D)  Globalization 
E)  Unequal educational completion rates 
A)  The definition of region 
B)  The distribution of political capital across regions 
C)  Industrial concentration 
D)  Globalization 
E)  Unequal educational completion rates

Question 5

The Atlantic provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador) are often grouped together, but have notable differences in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  their potential for natural resource development 
B)  social and economic well-being 
C)  unemployment rates 
D)  their poverty rate 
E)  both a and b 
A)  their potential for natural resource development 
B)  social and economic well-being 
C)  unemployment rates 
D)  their poverty rate 
E)  both a and b

Question 6

The current pattern of income distribution across the Canadian regions is a relatively recent phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which theoretical model of regional development is most concerned with the notion of "class structure"?

Accepted Answer

A)  State-centered approaches 
B)  Dependency theory 
C)  Modernization theory 
D)  Staples theory 
E)  Path dependency 
A)  State-centered approaches 
B)  Dependency theory 
C)  Modernization theory 
D)  Staples theory 
E)  Path dependency

Question 8

Explain what Courchene (1994) means when he suggests that there is a "vicious cycle" of inequality.

Accepted Answer

If wages are prevented from moving downw

Question 9

When considering the data from August 2020, we see pronounced differences in unemployment rates between Atlantic provinces and the West.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The roots of the staples approach to regional inequality are found in work that analyzes Canada's dependency on oil exports.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Canadian politics continues to be regionally based. The 2019 election produced a majority Liberal government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Regional inequality is complicated by the fact that Canada is relatively equal along other dimensions of inequality, such as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  income, education, and health 
B)  health and income 
C)  life satisfaction, income, and education 
D)  wealth, health, and education 
E)  income and education 
A)  income, education, and health 
B)  health and income 
C)  life satisfaction, income, and education 
D)  wealth, health, and education 
E)  income and education

Question 13

According to staples theory, one potential consequence of a staple-based economy is dependence on a foreign industrial centre.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are the three major phases of development that Canada's regions have undergone since the 1960s? How will the future of Canada's disadvantaged regions be shaped?

Accepted Answer

In the first wave in the 1960s-1970s, in

Question 15

According to Watkins (1977), what is the key to a region's success in using staples to develop its economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using staples to create linkages to other economic sectors/diversification 
B)  Using staples to create dependence by foreign markets 
C)  Using staples to depress manufacturing 
D)  Using staples to ensure wages remain low 
E)  Using staples to create entrenched rights for labour and capital 
A)  Using staples to create linkages to other economic sectors/diversification 
B)  Using staples to create dependence by foreign markets 
C)  Using staples to depress manufacturing 
D)  Using staples to ensure wages remain low 
E)  Using staples to create entrenched rights for labour and capital

Question 16

Explain the concept of "natural" equalization as it is espoused by modernization theorists. Give an example of how the Canadian government (and provincial governments) can effect this equalization.

Accepted Answer

Natural equalization is the notion that

Question 17

Who might be more vulnerable to health inequalities in Canada? How did the COVID-19 pandemic play a role in exacerbating health inequalities?

Accepted Answer

Several groups in Canada might be more v

Question 18

Regional inequality is evident in differences in the economic and social well-being of Canadians living in various provinces. The people of Québec have concerns about __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  economic uncertainty 
B)  delivery of social services 
C)  alienation from the core of the country 
D)  their own unique issues 
E)  their language and cultural protection 
A)  economic uncertainty 
B)  delivery of social services 
C)  alienation from the core of the country 
D)  their own unique issues 
E)  their language and cultural protection

Question 19

Have you ever visited another region? How was it different? Was inequality with your home region evident? How so?

Accepted Answer

Yes, I have visited another region. I vi

Question 20

Between 1961 and 2018, median incomes in the Atlantic region had risen to roughly 60% of the Canadian median.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Regional Inequality in Canada: an Enduring Issue

What is the main thesis of the modernization model? How does this approach explain regional underdevelopment?

Canadians generally express a positive identification with their nation but a negative identification with their province.

Watkins (1977) suggested that staples theory only has explanatory value if applied to countries with __________.

While there is general agreement on the importance of regionalism and regional inequality in Canada, what remains an important problem for assessing trends in inequality and for implementing policy?

The Atlantic provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador) are often grouped together, but have notable differences in __________.

The current pattern of income distribution across the Canadian regions is a relatively recent phenomenon.

Which theoretical model of regional development is most concerned with the notion of "class structure"?

Explain what Courchene (1994) means when he suggests that there is a "vicious cycle" of inequality.

When considering the data from August 2020, we see pronounced differences in unemployment rates between Atlantic provinces and the West.

The roots of the staples approach to regional inequality are found in work that analyzes Canada's dependency on oil exports.

Canadian politics continues to be regionally based. The 2019 election produced a majority Liberal government.

Regional inequality is complicated by the fact that Canada is relatively equal along other dimensions of inequality, such as __________.

According to staples theory, one potential consequence of a staple-based economy is dependence on a foreign industrial centre.

What are the three major phases of development that Canada's regions have undergone since the 1960s? How will the future of Canada's disadvantaged regions be shaped?

According to Watkins (1977), what is the key to a region's success in using staples to develop its economy?

Explain the concept of "natural" equalization as it is espoused by modernization theorists. Give an example of how the Canadian government (and provincial governments) can effect this equalization.

Who might be more vulnerable to health inequalities in Canada? How did the COVID-19 pandemic play a role in exacerbating health inequalities?

Regional inequality is evident in differences in the economic and social well-being of Canadians living in various provinces. The people of Québec have concerns about __________.

Have you ever visited another region? How was it different? Was inequality with your home region evident? How so?

Between 1961 and 2018, median incomes in the Atlantic region had risen to roughly 60% of the Canadian median.

Investigating Ownership Concentration, Transnational Connections, and State Involvement in the Canadian Economy

Corporate Power in 21st Century Canada

Breaking Down the Wealth Equation: Housing, Assets, and Debt

Poverty and Income Inequality: Measures and Trends

The Distribution of Wealth and Economic Inequality: Canada and the World

Inequalities in Work and Employment

Social Class, Post-Secondary Education, and Occupational Outcomes

Location Matters: Education and Employment Inequalities in Northern and Rural Canada

Exploring Definitions of Indigenous Student Success

Immigration Pathways and Next Generation Outcomes: Caribbean and Filipino Children of Caregivers

The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and First Nations Issues: a Content Analysis of Major Canadian Media, 2014-2015

Racial Inequality, Social Cohesion, and Policy Issues in Canada

Neoliberalism, Gender, and the Gig Economy in Canada

Changing Gender Time Distributions in Domestic Duties: 1986-2015

Gender Inequality and Family Patterns

Lgbtq2s Employment and Earnings in Canada

Disability and Social Inequality Over the Life Course

Social Inequality and Health

Covid-19 and Prisons: a Perfect Storm of Illness, Isolation, and Inequality

Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program: Unequal by Design

Cumulative Essay Questions

Filters