Question 1

"Western alienation" is a concept that refers to what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The specific alienation that workers in the west feel with employers in the oil and gas industry 
B)  The feeling among those in the west that they are excluded from power at the centre 
C)  The feeling among those in the west that Canada is not as respected in the international arena as it ought to be 
D)  Alienation felt by workers in the western post-industrial economy 
E)  Specifically occidental alienation theorized as being different from that of the "East" 
A)  The specific alienation that workers in the west feel with employers in the oil and gas industry 
B)  The feeling among those in the west that they are excluded from power at the centre 
C)  The feeling among those in the west that Canada is not as respected in the international arena as it ought to be 
D)  Alienation felt by workers in the western post-industrial economy 
E)  Specifically occidental alienation theorized as being different from that of the "East"

Question 2

Which theory explains regional inequality as a function of the relationship between "the hinterland" and "the metropolis"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staples theory 
B)  Modernization theory 
C)  Dependency theory 
D)  Conflict theory 
E)  Structural functionalism 
A)  Staples theory 
B)  Modernization theory 
C)  Dependency theory 
D)  Conflict theory 
E)  Structural functionalism

Question 3

What province consistently reports the lowest median income over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newfoundland and Labrador 
B)  Alberta 
C)  Yukon 
D)  New Brunswick 
E)  Ontario 
A)  Newfoundland and Labrador 
B)  Alberta 
C)  Yukon 
D)  New Brunswick 
E)  Ontario

Question 4

When measuring regional inequality using provincial-level data, only economic indicators are considered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What are the three useful indicators of health inequality? How does one's region impact their life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

The three useful indicators of health in

Question 6

According to staples theory, due to its nature, staple production may eventually decline due to price fluctuations and fluctuations in international demand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Using provincial-level data, the most common indicator of regional inequality is capital investment per capita.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Inequality, or the perception of inequality, affects how Canadians identify politically, and also the political party structure and electoral outcomes of the nation as a whole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Outline the main characteristics of the staples approach. How can relying on staples result in regional inequalities?

Accepted Answer

The staples approach comes from Canadian

Question 10

Canadian studies in the dependency theory tradition have found that peripheral regions show growth autonomously from growth in the central regions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the concept of "staples" from the staples approach to regional inequality?

Accepted Answer

A)  The metal clips used in machines to attach papers together 
B)  The collection of human skills that converts raw materials into useable products 
C)  The collective human capital that facilitates the extraction of raw resources 
D)  Raw or semi-processed materials extracted or grown primarily for export markets 
E)  Fully processed materials used to further "information-based" services 
A)  The metal clips used in machines to attach papers together 
B)  The collection of human skills that converts raw materials into useable products 
C)  The collective human capital that facilitates the extraction of raw resources 
D)  Raw or semi-processed materials extracted or grown primarily for export markets 
E)  Fully processed materials used to further "information-based" services

Question 12

The Canadian government dealt with regional disparities using a centralized decision-making and a top-down approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Courchene (1994) suggests that there is a "vicious cycle" of inequality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The transition in Alberta from an economy dominated by farming to one dominated by energy production and the subsequent urbanization and development of a managerial class highlights which feature of staples production?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bourgeois character of staple production 
B)  The universal modernizing effects of staple production 
C)  Restriction of staple production to narrow economic implications 
D)  Development of powerful interest groups around economic production 
E)  The imprint that staples leave politically, socially, and culturally on a region 
A)  The bourgeois character of staple production 
B)  The universal modernizing effects of staple production 
C)  Restriction of staple production to narrow economic implications 
D)  Development of powerful interest groups around economic production 
E)  The imprint that staples leave politically, socially, and culturally on a region

Question 15

Do you think that the House of Commons is well served by regional political parties? What impact might this regional-representation have on Canada as a whole?

Accepted Answer

The House of Commons is well served by r

Question 16

The lowest life expectancies are in Nunavut, which is probably due to the lower life expectancies for some Indigenous people, who represent a large proportion of the Nunavut population. (

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The OECD ranks Canada very low in terms of regional disparities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Health inequality can be measured in numerous ways. What are three of these ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life expectancy, education, food insecurity 
B)  Life expectancy, socioeconomic status, and food insecurity 
C)  Life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and food insecurity 
D)  Life expectancy, biology, and food insecurity 
E)  Life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and education 
A)  Life expectancy, education, food insecurity 
B)  Life expectancy, socioeconomic status, and food insecurity 
C)  Life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and food insecurity 
D)  Life expectancy, biology, and food insecurity 
E)  Life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and education

Question 19

According to modernization theorists, there are deficiencies built into the policies and practices of governments, unions, and corporations that interact with poorer regions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Unless a new staple can be found and developed, one potential consequence of a staple economy is that a region may stagnate and decline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Regional Inequality in Canada: an Enduring Issue

"Western alienation" is a concept that refers to what phenomenon?

Which theory explains regional inequality as a function of the relationship between "the hinterland" and "the metropolis"?

What province consistently reports the lowest median income over time?

When measuring regional inequality using provincial-level data, only economic indicators are considered.

What are the three useful indicators of health inequality? How does one's region impact their life expectancy?

According to staples theory, due to its nature, staple production may eventually decline due to price fluctuations and fluctuations in international demand.

Using provincial-level data, the most common indicator of regional inequality is capital investment per capita.

Inequality, or the perception of inequality, affects how Canadians identify politically, and also the political party structure and electoral outcomes of the nation as a whole.

Outline the main characteristics of the staples approach. How can relying on staples result in regional inequalities?

Canadian studies in the dependency theory tradition have found that peripheral regions show growth autonomously from growth in the central regions.

Which of the following best describes the concept of "staples" from the staples approach to regional inequality?

The Canadian government dealt with regional disparities using a centralized decision-making and a top-down approach.

Courchene (1994) suggests that there is a "vicious cycle" of inequality.

The transition in Alberta from an economy dominated by farming to one dominated by energy production and the subsequent urbanization and development of a managerial class highlights which feature of staples production?

Do you think that the House of Commons is well served by regional political parties? What impact might this regional-representation have on Canada as a whole?

The lowest life expectancies are in Nunavut, which is probably due to the lower life expectancies for some Indigenous people, who represent a large proportion of the Nunavut population. (

The OECD ranks Canada very low in terms of regional disparities.

Health inequality can be measured in numerous ways. What are three of these ways?

According to modernization theorists, there are deficiencies built into the policies and practices of governments, unions, and corporations that interact with poorer regions.

Unless a new staple can be found and developed, one potential consequence of a staple economy is that a region may stagnate and decline.

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