Question 1

Low-income families pay a greater share of their income in consumption taxes than higher-income families.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What is the difference between relative poverty line and the absolute poverty line? Explain their differences based on the course material and provide examples.

Accepted Answer

A relative poverty line depends on the l

Question 3

Do you feel that the state should change how it collects taxes? Should we make our income taxes more progressive or should we shift to a system based entirely on consumption?

Accepted Answer

As an AI language model, I don't have pe

Question 4

Hewitt (1977) questions the efficacy of the Canadian welfare state on the basis of what evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing women's participation in the labour force 
B)  The stability of the distribution of income in Canada since the middle of the 20th century 
C)  The decline in industrial employment 
D)  The emergence of the post-industrial economy 
E)  The heightened poverty rates 
A)  Increasing women's participation in the labour force 
B)  The stability of the distribution of income in Canada since the middle of the 20th century 
C)  The decline in industrial employment 
D)  The emergence of the post-industrial economy 
E)  The heightened poverty rates

Question 5

Income statistics tend to ignore:

Accepted Answer

A)  Costs associated with health and education 
B)  Real estate holdings 
C)  Stock market dividends 
D)  Government transfers 
E)  Taxes 
A)  Costs associated with health and education 
B)  Real estate holdings 
C)  Stock market dividends 
D)  Government transfers 
E)  Taxes

Question 6

The "Brazilianization" of our economy refers to the greater equality that characterizes Brazil due in large part to its extensive welfare state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What best explains the recent upward redistribution of the gains of economic expansion in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  High-income earners work more hours than others. 
B)  High-income workers make more of their income from investments. 
C)  Wages are less generous for the middle-class workers. 
D)  There are too many qualified people relative to the number of highly skilled occupations. 
E)  Low-income earners are more likely to retire early. 
A)  High-income earners work more hours than others. 
B)  High-income workers make more of their income from investments. 
C)  Wages are less generous for the middle-class workers. 
D)  There are too many qualified people relative to the number of highly skilled occupations. 
E)  Low-income earners are more likely to retire early.

Question 8

What pattern is revealed by countries such as Russia, South Africa, and the Czech Republic that underwent transformational change in the last few decades?

Accepted Answer

A)  Income can be distributed in a myriad of ways and follows no predetermined pattern. 
B)  Radical political and social change always results in greater inequality. 
C)  Radical political and social change always results in greater equality. 
D)  The transition from socialism results in inequality, apartheid equality. 
E)  The transition from apartheid results in greater equality, socialism inequality. 
A)  Income can be distributed in a myriad of ways and follows no predetermined pattern. 
B)  Radical political and social change always results in greater inequality. 
C)  Radical political and social change always results in greater equality. 
D)  The transition from socialism results in inequality, apartheid equality. 
E)  The transition from apartheid results in greater equality, socialism inequality.

Question 9

Income distribution in Canada has remained more or less constant for a half-century, despite greater government involvement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Explain the use of quintiles to measure income distribution. In 2017, what was the composition of the top and bottom quintiles in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Quintiles are made by dividing the popul

Question 11

In the 1980s, family earnings began to increase as more women entered the workforce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is not a component of market-based income?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earnings from real estate holdings 
B)  Wages 
C)  Earnings from stock market dividends 
D)  Employment insurance 
E)  Earnings from private pension plans 
A)  Earnings from real estate holdings 
B)  Wages 
C)  Earnings from stock market dividends 
D)  Employment insurance 
E)  Earnings from private pension plans

Question 13

During the first two months of the pandemic, American billionaires, like Jeff Bezos and Mark Zuckerberg, whose respective wealth grew by how much?

Accepted Answer

A)  $34.6 billion and $25 billion, respectively 
B)  It declined by $34.6 billion and $25 billion, respectively 
C)  20% and 4.1% 
D)  It declined by 20% and 4.1$, respectively 
E)  Their respective wealth did not grow during the first two months of the pandemic 
A)  $34.6 billion and $25 billion, respectively 
B)  It declined by $34.6 billion and $25 billion, respectively 
C)  20% and 4.1% 
D)  It declined by 20% and 4.1$, respectively 
E)  Their respective wealth did not grow during the first two months of the pandemic

Question 14

What is the redistributive effect of the welfare state? How does this effect change when all sources of government revenue are considered? Why?

Accepted Answer

This is a question about the effect and

Question 15

What is "Brazilianization"? What might cause Canada's economy to change in this fashion?

Accepted Answer

This concept refers to the stark inequal

Question 16

The absolute poverty line does not change as national income grows.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Rising unemployment rates often hurt lower income people more because they live from paycheck to paycheck, and have a harder time managing the situation compared to individuals of high income who can rely on savings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Explain the functions of the low-income cut-off (LICO), the market basket measure (MBM), and the low-income measure (LIM).

Accepted Answer

Each measurement of low-income is calcul

Question 19

What is the most common way of presenting quintiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  By total income 
B)  By total consumption 
C)  By total government transfers 
D)  Low-income cut-off (LICO) 
E)  Market basket measure (MBM) 
A)  By total income 
B)  By total consumption 
C)  By total government transfers 
D)  Low-income cut-off (LICO) 
E)  Market basket measure (MBM)

Question 20

What statement best characterizes absolute poverty?

Accepted Answer

A)  It depends on the larger economic context. 
B)  It is relative to what other people earn. 
C)  It changes as national income grows. 
D)  It includes a metric that focuses on the minimum amount of resources required to survive. 
E)  It is the indicator most commonly used to measure "First World" poverty. 
A)  It depends on the larger economic context. 
B)  It is relative to what other people earn. 
C)  It changes as national income grows. 
D)  It includes a metric that focuses on the minimum amount of resources required to survive. 
E)  It is the indicator most commonly used to measure "First World" poverty.

Exam 4: Poverty and Income Inequality: Measures and Trends

Low-income families pay a greater share of their income in consumption taxes than higher-income families.

What is the difference between relative poverty line and the absolute poverty line? Explain their differences based on the course material and provide examples.

Do you feel that the state should change how it collects taxes? Should we make our income taxes more progressive or should we shift to a system based entirely on consumption?

Hewitt (1977) questions the efficacy of the Canadian welfare state on the basis of what evidence?

Income statistics tend to ignore:

The "Brazilianization" of our economy refers to the greater equality that characterizes Brazil due in large part to its extensive welfare state.

What best explains the recent upward redistribution of the gains of economic expansion in Canada?

What pattern is revealed by countries such as Russia, South Africa, and the Czech Republic that underwent transformational change in the last few decades?

Income distribution in Canada has remained more or less constant for a half-century, despite greater government involvement.

Explain the use of quintiles to measure income distribution. In 2017, what was the composition of the top and bottom quintiles in Canada?

In the 1980s, family earnings began to increase as more women entered the workforce.

Which of the following is not a component of market-based income?

During the first two months of the pandemic, American billionaires, like Jeff Bezos and Mark Zuckerberg, whose respective wealth grew by how much?

What is the redistributive effect of the welfare state? How does this effect change when all sources of government revenue are considered? Why?

What is "Brazilianization"? What might cause Canada's economy to change in this fashion?

The absolute poverty line does not change as national income grows.

Rising unemployment rates often hurt lower income people more because they live from paycheck to paycheck, and have a harder time managing the situation compared to individuals of high income who can rely on savings.

Explain the functions of the low-income cut-off (LICO), the market basket measure (MBM), and the low-income measure (LIM).

What is the most common way of presenting quintiles?

What statement best characterizes absolute poverty?

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