Exam 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

In one study, elementary schoolteachers were told that aptitude tests indicated that certain students would "bloom" intellectually in the coming year, though in reality these students' names were chosen randomly. At the end of the year, the selected students indeed performed better on aptitude tests compared to other students. This phenomenon is called ________ and is likely driven by ________.

Jenny has just read a novel about a husband who treats his wife badly. She then meets her new boyfriend for a dinner date. According to research on schemas, Jenny is likely to

People sometimes have to assess whether someone is a member of a particular group. In assessing whether someone is gay or a Republican, for example, we often rely on the ________ heuristic, which entails figuring out the degree to which ________.

The planning fallacy refers to the tendency to

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT directly associated with schema activation?

According to construal level theory, if you are imagining working on your thesis in graduate school in several years, you are most likely to be thinking about

Because schemas have been shown to influence ________, participants who are told to watch a video of a basketball game and count the number of times people in white shirts pass the ball might completely miss seeing a person in a black gorilla suit walk through the game.

Which of the following examples best shows how expectations (i.e., schemas) can be self-fulfilling prophecies?

People sometimes work together on a project and later decide who should get the most credit. According to research by Michael Ross, this decision often entails ________ one's own contributions to joint projects. Moreover, this tendency arises from ________.

When forming judgments about others, people often rely on the representativeness heuristic. Unfortunately, this can lead people to