Exam 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

According to the textbook, all of the following factors can DECREASE the accuracy of secondhand information EXCEPT

The confirmation bias makes what prediction about human behavior?

Procedures that momentarily activate a particular schema are referred to as

One of the most pervasive sources of distortion in secondhand accounts is

Hedwig just met her friend's new boyfriend and her initial impression wasn't positive. He was so reserved; he barely talked at all. Hedwig then spends some time and energy thinking about all of the good things her friend has told her about him, and considers the fact that sometimes it takes a little while to feel comfortable around new people. She decides he is probably cool after all. In forming this new, positive impression of the boyfriend, Hedwig relied on

Define pluralistic ignorance and explain how it can undermine learning in the classroom or the development of friendship across ethnic groups.

Janet means well when she tells her daughter, "Please do not ever date a boy with a tattoo. People with tattoos are dangerous. A girl down the street dated a boy with a huge tattoo and he ended up assaulting her." If this story is a deceptive exaggeration, Janet is engaging in

________ processes consist of observing and remembering relevant stimuli from the outside world, and ________ processes filter and interpret stimuli in light of preexisting knowledge and expectations.

Ahmed went to the Museum of Modern Art during his vacation to New York City. Afterward, he remembers that he liked so many pieces, but he can really only recall the details of the Andy Warhol painting he saw at the very end, as he was walking out the door. Ahmed is displaying

Describe the factors that determine whether a schema is accessible (activated) and whether it is applied.

Describe top-down processing and bottom-up processing.

The textbook describes research by Todorov and colleagues in which participants rated a large number of faces along different personality dimensions. Which two dimensions stood out as the main dimensions used in these ratings?

The availability and representativeness heuristics sometimes can operate in tandem. The joint effect of these two heuristics can create a(n)

The textbook describes a study in which one group of participants was asked to determine whether working out a day before a tennis match made the player more likely to win, and another group of participants was asked to determine whether working out a day before a tennis match made a player more likely to lose. Consistent with the confirmation bias, participants in the group examining a connection between working out and winning were most likely to search for information about how many players________ and then ________ their matches.

Liam, the photography editor of a national magazine, is looking through a series of pictures to find a model who seems strong and competent. Given research findings on physical appearance and snap judgments, Liam should select a model whose face has

How accurate are snap judgments? Take a position one way or the other and support it with two pieces of evidence.

What is the intuitive system? What are the advantages of relying on this system? What are the disadvantages?

Psychologists have discovered that people store information in coherent configurations called

In her economics class, Nancy has been assigned to do a group project with Mario, someone she does not know well. Nancy's friend Tia knows Mario from another class and tells Nancy about him. According to the primacy effect, Nancy will form the best impression of Mario if Tia describes him in which way?

Explain how schemas can influence: (a) attention; (b) inferences about other people; and (c) behavior.