Question 1

Members of which of the following tend to have interdependent self-construals?

Accepted Answer

A)  New Zealand 
B)  many African cultures 
C)  many Northern European cultures 
D)  the United States 
A)  New Zealand 
B)  many African cultures 
C)  many Northern European cultures 
D)  the United States B

Question 2

Ahmed tends to think of himself as a very creative and confident person. What kind of self-construal is Ahmed demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A)  an independent self-construal 
B)  an interdependent self-construal 
C)  a promotion-focused self-construal 
D)  a prevention-focused self-construal 
A)  an independent self-construal 
B)  an interdependent self-construal 
C)  a promotion-focused self-construal 
D)  a prevention-focused self-construal A

Question 3

Describe social comparison theory. When will one engage in upward versus downward comparison?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory argues that people compare themselves to others in order to obtain an accurate assessment of their own opinions, abilities, and internal states. Social comparison is particularly likely when there are no objective standards for evaluation. When people want to feel good about themselves, they are likely to engage in downward comparison, comparing themselves to others that are slightly inferior or worse off. When people want to improve, they are likely to engage in upward comparison, comparing themselves to others that are slightly superior or better off.

Question 4

The processes by which people initiate, alter, and control their behavior in the pursuit of their goals is called

Accepted Answer

A)  self-discrepancy. 
B)  self-enhancement. 
C)  self-verification. 
D)  self-regulation. 
A)  self-discrepancy. 
B)  self-enhancement. 
C)  self-verification. 
D)  self-regulation.

Question 5

Although Emil generally thinks of himself as both a good student and a good son, while visiting with his mom over the holidays he is thinking more about being a good son. That this good son aspect of his identity is more on his mind when he is with his mom illustrates the idea of

Accepted Answer

A)  the ought self. 
B)  the actual self. 
C)  self-schemas. 
D)  the working self-concept. 
A)  the ought self. 
B)  the actual self. 
C)  self-schemas. 
D)  the working self-concept.

Question 6

Frank Sulloway's research on the relationship between birth order and personality shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  younger siblings tend to be more agreeable than older siblings. 
B)  older siblings tend to be less honest than younger siblings. 
C)  younger and older siblings are equally open to novel ideas and experiences. 
D)  older siblings tend to be less achievement oriented than younger siblings. 
A)  younger siblings tend to be more agreeable than older siblings. 
B)  older siblings tend to be less honest than younger siblings. 
C)  younger and older siblings are equally open to novel ideas and experiences. 
D)  older siblings tend to be less achievement oriented than younger siblings.

Question 7

How are self-monitoring and self-handicapping related?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both forms of social comparison. 
B)  They are both forms of impression management. 
C)  They are both forms of self-affirmation. 
D)  They are both forms of self-verification. 
A)  They are both forms of social comparison. 
B)  They are both forms of impression management. 
C)  They are both forms of self-affirmation. 
D)  They are both forms of self-verification.

Question 8

Amber and Courtney are sisters. Amber is the oldest and Courtney is the youngest. According to Frank Sulloway's research on birth order, how might Amber's and Courtney's personalities differ? Describe the evolutionary principle that underlies these differences.

Accepted Answer

Sibling conflict is common, particularly

Question 9

Which of the following statements about culture and self-esteem is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  People from Western cultures are more likely to say or do things to enhance other people's self-esteem (relative to people from Asian cultures). 
B)  The Japanese praise each other for their achievements more often than Americans do. 
C)  People from Asian cultures generally feel worse about themselves than people from Western cultures. 
D)  Americans utter many more self-complimentary statements during conversations (relative to Japanese individuals). 
A)  People from Western cultures are more likely to say or do things to enhance other people's self-esteem (relative to people from Asian cultures). 
B)  The Japanese praise each other for their achievements more often than Americans do. 
C)  People from Asian cultures generally feel worse about themselves than people from Western cultures. 
D)  Americans utter many more self-complimentary statements during conversations (relative to Japanese individuals).

Question 10

________ holds that people are motivated to view themselves in a favorable light and that they do so through reflection and social comparison.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-discrepancy theory 
B)  The self-evaluation maintenance model 
C)  Self-verification theory 
D)  The five-factor model 
A)  Self-discrepancy theory 
B)  The self-evaluation maintenance model 
C)  Self-verification theory 
D)  The five-factor model

Question 11

Travis is trying to lose weight but loves eating chips. He avoids the chip aisle whenever he is at the grocery store. However, at his friend's holiday party, there is a big bowl of chips on the table. According to Ayelet Fishbach's research on automatic self-control, what is likely to happen when Travis notices the bowl of chips at the party?

Accepted Answer

A)  He decides to avoid eating cookies instead of chips. 
B)  He realizes he loves chips too much to stop eating them. 
C)  He starts to think about his goal of losing weight. 
D)  He does not think about his goal of losing weight. 
A)  He decides to avoid eating cookies instead of chips. 
B)  He realizes he loves chips too much to stop eating them. 
C)  He starts to think about his goal of losing weight. 
D)  He does not think about his goal of losing weight.

Question 12

Ji-Min thinks of herself as outgoing, a big sister, a runner, and intelligent. These are aspects of Ji-Min's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-schema. 
B)  self-appraisal. 
C)  social-self. 
D)  self-esteem. 
A)  self-schema. 
B)  self-appraisal. 
C)  social-self. 
D)  self-esteem.

Question 13

Consider the following finding from a study conducted in the United States that asked children to describe themselves: "Forty-four percent of children who were born outside of the United States mentioned this biographical fact when describing themselves, whereas only 7 percent of those born in the United States mentioned their place of birth." This finding best supports the ________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  contrasting traits 
B)  self-perception 
C)  social comparison 
D)  distinctiveness 
A)  contrasting traits 
B)  self-perception 
C)  social comparison 
D)  distinctiveness

Question 14

Bill has an older brother named Dan. Both Bill and Dan are physics professors. According to Frank Sulloway's research on birth-order effects, Bill should

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct more research. 
B)  be more demanding of his students. 
C)  be more open to "off-the-wall" or "revolutionary" theories. 
D)  be more physically attractive. 
A)  conduct more research. 
B)  be more demanding of his students. 
C)  be more open to "off-the-wall" or "revolutionary" theories. 
D)  be more physically attractive.

Question 15

Jim has been trying to lose weight and spent all day ignoring the bowl of candy bars on his coworker's desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels exhausted and eats an entire container of ice cream. According to the researchers Baumeister, Vohs, and Tice, Jim is probably experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  food cravings. 
B)  ego depletion. 
C)  ego strength. 
D)  prevention focus. 
A)  food cravings. 
B)  ego depletion. 
C)  ego strength. 
D)  prevention focus.

Question 16

Candice is not doing very well in her art class but wishes she was a great artist. According to research on self-presentation, when she goes on social networking sites, what is she likely to convey about her artistic abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  that she is, in fact, a good artist 
B)  that she is not very good at art 
C)  that she is not interested in art at all 
D)  that her best friend is an artist 
A)  that she is, in fact, a good artist 
B)  that she is not very good at art 
C)  that she is not interested in art at all 
D)  that her best friend is an artist

Question 17

According to Baumeister and his colleagues, high self-esteem has a dark side. These researchers have argued that

Accepted Answer

A)  people with very high self-esteem are particularly sensitive to insults, which could then lead to violence. 
B)  most people with high self-esteem are psychopaths who lack the ability to empathize with others. 
C)  people with high self-esteem are more likely to become alcoholics. 
D)  few people with high self-esteem have the modesty and humility needed to sustain satisfying close personal relationships. 
A)  people with very high self-esteem are particularly sensitive to insults, which could then lead to violence. 
B)  most people with high self-esteem are psychopaths who lack the ability to empathize with others. 
C)  people with high self-esteem are more likely to become alcoholics. 
D)  few people with high self-esteem have the modesty and humility needed to sustain satisfying close personal relationships.

Question 18

The "better-than-average" effect refers to the finding that people

Accepted Answer

A)  tend to assume others are better than themselves at difficult tasks. 
B)  tend to think that they are above average. 
C)  who are better than average are happier. 
D)  who are better than average are actually more modest about their abilities. 
A)  tend to assume others are better than themselves at difficult tasks. 
B)  tend to think that they are above average. 
C)  who are better than average are happier. 
D)  who are better than average are actually more modest about their abilities.

Question 19

Adina has low self-esteem. She always feels uncomfortable in social situations. According to research on self-verification theory, with whom would Adina most likely choose to be friends?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kevin, who told her she's the coolest girl he knows 
B)  Mitchell, who told her she's kind of awkward 
C)  Raymond, who is high in self-monitoring 
D)  Lars, who is low in self-monitoring 
A)  Kevin, who told her she's the coolest girl he knows 
B)  Mitchell, who told her she's kind of awkward 
C)  Raymond, who is high in self-monitoring 
D)  Lars, who is low in self-monitoring

Question 20

Gene is given a questionnaire that has statements like these printed on it: "I take a positive view of myself" and "I feel that I have a number of good qualities." He is asked to indicate how much he agrees with these kinds of statements. This questionnaire is meant to measure Gene's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-consciousness. 
B)  identity cues. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  self-discrepancies. 
A)  self-consciousness. 
B)  identity cues. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  self-discrepancies.

Members of which of the following tend to have interdependent self-construals?

Ahmed tends to think of himself as a very creative and confident person. What kind of self-construal is Ahmed demonstrating?

Describe social comparison theory. When will one engage in upward versus downward comparison?

The processes by which people initiate, alter, and control their behavior in the pursuit of their goals is called

Although Emil generally thinks of himself as both a good student and a good son, while visiting with his mom over the holidays he is thinking more about being a good son. That this good son aspect of his identity is more on his mind when he is with his mom illustrates the idea of

Frank Sulloway's research on the relationship between birth order and personality shows that

How are self-monitoring and self-handicapping related?

Amber and Courtney are sisters. Amber is the oldest and Courtney is the youngest. According to Frank Sulloway's research on birth order, how might Amber's and Courtney's personalities differ? Describe the evolutionary principle that underlies these differences.

Which of the following statements about culture and self-esteem is the most accurate?

________ holds that people are motivated to view themselves in a favorable light and that they do so through reflection and social comparison.

Ji-Min thinks of herself as outgoing, a big sister, a runner, and intelligent. These are aspects of Ji-Min's

Bill has an older brother named Dan. Both Bill and Dan are physics professors. According to Frank Sulloway's research on birth-order effects, Bill should

Jim has been trying to lose weight and spent all day ignoring the bowl of candy bars on his coworker's desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels exhausted and eats an entire container of ice cream. According to the researchers Baumeister, Vohs, and Tice, Jim is probably experiencing

Candice is not doing very well in her art class but wishes she was a great artist. According to research on self-presentation, when she goes on social networking sites, what is she likely to convey about her artistic abilities?

According to Baumeister and his colleagues, high self-esteem has a dark side. These researchers have argued that

The "better-than-average" effect refers to the finding that people

Adina has low self-esteem. She always feels uncomfortable in social situations. According to research on self-verification theory, with whom would Adina most likely choose to be friends?

Gene is given a questionnaire that has statements like these printed on it: "I take a positive view of myself" and "I feel that I have a number of good qualities." He is asked to indicate how much he agrees with these kinds of statements. This questionnaire is meant to measure Gene's

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module-Social Psychology and Health

Application Module- Social Psychology and Personal Finance

Application Module- Social Psychology and Education

Application Module- Social Psychology and the Law

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Exam 3: The Social Self

Members of which of the following tend to have interdependent self-construals?

Ahmed tends to think of himself as a very creative and confident person. What kind of self-construal is Ahmed demonstrating?

Describe social comparison theory. When will one engage in upward versus downward comparison?

The processes by which people initiate, alter, and control their behavior in the pursuit of their goals is called

Although Emil generally thinks of himself as both a good student and a good son, while visiting with his mom over the holidays he is thinking more about being a good son. That this good son aspect of his identity is more on his mind when he is with his mom illustrates the idea of

Frank Sulloway's research on the relationship between birth order and personality shows that

How are self-monitoring and self-handicapping related?

Amber and Courtney are sisters. Amber is the oldest and Courtney is the youngest. According to Frank Sulloway's research on birth order, how might Amber's and Courtney's personalities differ? Describe the evolutionary principle that underlies these differences.

Which of the following statements about culture and self-esteem is the most accurate?

________ holds that people are motivated to view themselves in a favorable light and that they do so through reflection and social comparison.

Ji-Min thinks of herself as outgoing, a big sister, a runner, and intelligent. These are aspects of Ji-Min's

Bill has an older brother named Dan. Both Bill and Dan are physics professors. According to Frank Sulloway's research on birth-order effects, Bill should

Jim has been trying to lose weight and spent all day ignoring the bowl of candy bars on his coworker's desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels exhausted and eats an entire container of ice cream. According to the researchers Baumeister, Vohs, and Tice, Jim is probably experiencing

Candice is not doing very well in her art class but wishes she was a great artist. According to research on self-presentation, when she goes on social networking sites, what is she likely to convey about her artistic abilities?

According to Baumeister and his colleagues, high self-esteem has a dark side. These researchers have argued that

The "better-than-average" effect refers to the finding that people

Adina has low self-esteem. She always feels uncomfortable in social situations. According to research on self-verification theory, with whom would Adina most likely choose to be friends?

Gene is given a questionnaire that has statements like these printed on it: "I take a positive view of myself" and "I feel that I have a number of good qualities." He is asked to indicate how much he agrees with these kinds of statements. This questionnaire is meant to measure Gene's

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module-Social Psychology and Health

Application Module- Social Psychology and Personal Finance

Application Module- Social Psychology and Education

Application Module- Social Psychology and the Law

Filters