Question 1

Because of the availability heuristic, people can be more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimate the frequency of dramatic natural disasters. 
B)  overestimate the frequency of dramatic natural disasters. 
C)  overestimate the frequency of common illnesses that can become fatal, such as diabetes or asthma. 
D)  underestimate the frequency of dramatic accidents that lead to death. 
A)  underestimate the frequency of dramatic natural disasters. 
B)  overestimate the frequency of dramatic natural disasters. 
C)  overestimate the frequency of common illnesses that can become fatal, such as diabetes or asthma. 
D)  underestimate the frequency of dramatic accidents that lead to death. B

Question 2

In 1992, Ross Perot asked voters, "Should the president have the line-item veto to eliminate waste?" Ninety-seven percent said yes. When the question was asked in more neutral terms-"Should the president have the line-item veto or not?"-only 57 percent agreed. This example best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  spin framing. 
C)  an order effect. 
D)  feature matching. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  spin framing. 
C)  an order effect. 
D)  feature matching. B

Question 3

Primacy effects often result from

Accepted Answer

A)  a tendency to pay greater attention to information presented early on. 
B)  strong emotions that disrupt the memory of information presented early on. 
C)  the belief that information encountered early on is particularly accurate. 
D)  a failure to engage in schematic processing. 
A)  a tendency to pay greater attention to information presented early on. 
B)  strong emotions that disrupt the memory of information presented early on. 
C)  the belief that information encountered early on is particularly accurate. 
D)  a failure to engage in schematic processing. A

Question 4

Recall that the Chapmans studied how experienced clinical psychologists and college students would interpret individuals' responses to the Draw-a-Person test, which often is used to diagnose psychiatric disorders. Results showed that ________ perceived illusory correlations between individuals' mental disorders and their drawings.

Accepted Answer

A)  only the students 
B)  only the clinicians 
C)  both the students and the clinicians 
D)  neither the students nor the clinicians 
A)  only the students 
B)  only the clinicians 
C)  both the students and the clinicians 
D)  neither the students nor the clinicians

Question 5

________ are mental shortcuts that provide serviceable but often inexact answers to common judgmental problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pluralistic judgments 
B)  Base rates 
C)  Mental deliberations 
D)  Heuristics 
A)  Pluralistic judgments 
B)  Base rates 
C)  Mental deliberations 
D)  Heuristics

Question 6

According to the textbook's description of positive and negative framing, which of the following statements would be most likely to influence someone NOT to undergo a risky surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ninety out of one hundred people who have this surgery survive. 
B)  Ten out of one hundred people who have this surgery die. 
C)  The odds are very high that you will survive this surgery. 
D)  Of one hundred people who have had this surgery, sixty-eight were still alive after a year. 
A)  Ninety out of one hundred people who have this surgery survive. 
B)  Ten out of one hundred people who have this surgery die. 
C)  The odds are very high that you will survive this surgery. 
D)  Of one hundred people who have had this surgery, sixty-eight were still alive after a year.

Question 7

Recall that Norbert Schwarz and colleagues conducted an experiment to explain why the availability heuristic occurs. Their results showed clear support for a(n) ________ explanation.

Accepted Answer

A)  ease of retrieval 
B)  ease of encoding 
C)  affective primacy 
D)  planning fallacy 
A)  ease of retrieval 
B)  ease of encoding 
C)  affective primacy 
D)  planning fallacy

Question 8

Jim watched a videotape of a woman talking about her life. Throughout the tape, the woman said many things that are stereotypical of a professor. She also said many things that are stereotypical of a waitress. Before watching the video, Jim was told that the woman was employed as a waitress. According to schema research, Jim will probably remember

Accepted Answer

A)  an equal amount of waitress-consistent and professor-consistent information. 
B)  little information about the woman due to her gender. 
C)  more waitress-consistent information than professor-consistent information. 
D)  more professor-consistent utterances than waitress-consistent utterances. 
A)  an equal amount of waitress-consistent and professor-consistent information. 
B)  little information about the woman due to her gender. 
C)  more waitress-consistent information than professor-consistent information. 
D)  more professor-consistent utterances than waitress-consistent utterances.

Question 9

People rely on the ________ heuristic when they judge the frequency or probability of some event by the readiness with which similar events come to mind.

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  representativeness 
C)  accessibility 
D)  availability 
A)  encoding 
B)  representativeness 
C)  accessibility 
D)  availability

Question 10

Describe the confirmation bias and explain how it can affect people's decision making. Make sure to indicate when people will make good decisions.

Accepted Answer

The confirmation bias is the tendency to

Question 11

In which situation would someone be more likely to perform well on a test?

Accepted Answer

A)  when a professor schema is activated 
B)  when a soccer hooligan schema is activated 
C)  when a specific example of a supermodel is activated 
D)  when a specific example of a genius is activated 
A)  when a professor schema is activated 
B)  when a soccer hooligan schema is activated 
C)  when a specific example of a supermodel is activated 
D)  when a specific example of a genius is activated

Question 12

Which of the following news headlines would be most likely to make a lasting impression on readers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Baby Elephant Takes First Steps! 
B)  Stocks Plummet on Release of Dire Economic Forecast! 
C)  The Prince Marries! 
D)  Navy Helps Giant Sea Turtles! 
A)  Baby Elephant Takes First Steps! 
B)  Stocks Plummet on Release of Dire Economic Forecast! 
C)  The Prince Marries! 
D)  Navy Helps Giant Sea Turtles!

Question 13

Which of the following is the best example of a positively framed statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  How much would you pay to replace all the trees that have been lost? 
B)  Only ten out of one hundred people who have this surgery are likely to die within a year. 
C)  This meat is only 25 percent fat. 
D)  This brand of condom has an overall 75 percent success rate. 
A)  How much would you pay to replace all the trees that have been lost? 
B)  Only ten out of one hundred people who have this surgery are likely to die within a year. 
C)  This meat is only 25 percent fat. 
D)  This brand of condom has an overall 75 percent success rate.

Question 14

Top-down processing is most useful

Accepted Answer

A)  in clearly defined situations with very little ambiguity. 
B)  in situations where we have very little prior knowledge. 
C)  in ambiguous situations where we have at least some prior knowledge. 
D)  Top-down processing is rarely useful. 
A)  in clearly defined situations with very little ambiguity. 
B)  in situations where we have very little prior knowledge. 
C)  in ambiguous situations where we have at least some prior knowledge. 
D)  Top-down processing is rarely useful.

Question 15

Under what circumstances is someone more likely to fear victimization as a result of watching a lot of television?

Accepted Answer

A)  if he or she has children 
B)  if he or she tends to be alone when watching television 
C)  if he or she lives in a high-crime area 
D)  if he or she lives in a low-crime area 
A)  if he or she has children 
B)  if he or she tends to be alone when watching television 
C)  if he or she lives in a high-crime area 
D)  if he or she lives in a low-crime area

Question 16

Explain illusory correlation and show how the availability and representativeness heuristics are relevant to this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

An illusory correlation is the belief th

Question 17

Barbara mostly chooses to watch news programs that support her political beliefs while avoiding news programs that may disagree with her views. This is an example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  information bias. 
B)  hindsight bias. 
C)  misinformation effect. 
D)  motivated confirmation bias. 
A)  information bias. 
B)  hindsight bias. 
C)  misinformation effect. 
D)  motivated confirmation bias.

Question 18

People use the ________ heuristic when they try to categorize something by judging how similar the object is to their conception of the typical member of the relevant category.

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness 
B)  anchoring 
C)  availability 
D)  correspondence 
A)  representativeness 
B)  anchoring 
C)  availability 
D)  correspondence

Question 19

Having prior knowledge about a situation can influence how we construe ambiguous situations. This is a result of a heavy reliance on

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up processing. 
B)  top-down processing. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  the recency effect. 
A)  bottom-up processing. 
B)  top-down processing. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  the recency effect.

Question 20

When judgments or decisions are influenced by the way in which information is presented, this is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  pluralistic-ignorance effect. 
B)  biased-information effect. 
C)  framing effect. 
D)  processing failure. 
A)  pluralistic-ignorance effect. 
B)  biased-information effect. 
C)  framing effect. 
D)  processing failure.

Because of the availability heuristic, people can be more likely to

In 1992, Ross Perot asked voters, "Should the president have the line-item veto to eliminate waste?" Ninety-seven percent said yes. When the question was asked in more neutral terms-"Should the president have the line-item veto or not?"-only 57 percent agreed. This example best illustrates

Primacy effects often result from

________ are mental shortcuts that provide serviceable but often inexact answers to common judgmental problems.

According to the textbook's description of positive and negative framing, which of the following statements would be most likely to influence someone NOT to undergo a risky surgery?

Recall that Norbert Schwarz and colleagues conducted an experiment to explain why the availability heuristic occurs. Their results showed clear support for a(n) ________ explanation.

People rely on the ________ heuristic when they judge the frequency or probability of some event by the readiness with which similar events come to mind.

Describe the confirmation bias and explain how it can affect people's decision making. Make sure to indicate when people will make good decisions.

In which situation would someone be more likely to perform well on a test?

Which of the following news headlines would be most likely to make a lasting impression on readers?

Which of the following is the best example of a positively framed statement?

Top-down processing is most useful

Under what circumstances is someone more likely to fear victimization as a result of watching a lot of television?

Explain illusory correlation and show how the availability and representativeness heuristics are relevant to this phenomenon.

Barbara mostly chooses to watch news programs that support her political beliefs while avoiding news programs that may disagree with her views. This is an example of the

People use the ________ heuristic when they try to categorize something by judging how similar the object is to their conception of the typical member of the relevant category.

Having prior knowledge about a situation can influence how we construe ambiguous situations. This is a result of a heavy reliance on

When judgments or decisions are influenced by the way in which information is presented, this is called a

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module-Social Psychology and Health

Application Module- Social Psychology and Personal Finance

Application Module- Social Psychology and Education

Application Module- Social Psychology and the Law

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Exam 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About People and Situations

Because of the availability heuristic, people can be more likely to

In 1992, Ross Perot asked voters, "Should the president have the line-item veto to eliminate waste?" Ninety-seven percent said yes. When the question was asked in more neutral terms-"Should the president have the line-item veto or not?"-only 57 percent agreed. This example best illustrates

Primacy effects often result from

________ are mental shortcuts that provide serviceable but often inexact answers to common judgmental problems.

According to the textbook's description of positive and negative framing, which of the following statements would be most likely to influence someone NOT to undergo a risky surgery?

Recall that Norbert Schwarz and colleagues conducted an experiment to explain why the availability heuristic occurs. Their results showed clear support for a(n) ________ explanation.

People rely on the ________ heuristic when they judge the frequency or probability of some event by the readiness with which similar events come to mind.

Describe the confirmation bias and explain how it can affect people's decision making. Make sure to indicate when people will make good decisions.

In which situation would someone be more likely to perform well on a test?

Which of the following news headlines would be most likely to make a lasting impression on readers?

Which of the following is the best example of a positively framed statement?

Top-down processing is most useful

Under what circumstances is someone more likely to fear victimization as a result of watching a lot of television?

Explain illusory correlation and show how the availability and representativeness heuristics are relevant to this phenomenon.

Barbara mostly chooses to watch news programs that support her political beliefs while avoiding news programs that may disagree with her views. This is an example of the

People use the ________ heuristic when they try to categorize something by judging how similar the object is to their conception of the typical member of the relevant category.

Having prior knowledge about a situation can influence how we construe ambiguous situations. This is a result of a heavy reliance on

When judgments or decisions are influenced by the way in which information is presented, this is called a

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module-Social Psychology and Health

Application Module- Social Psychology and Personal Finance

Application Module- Social Psychology and Education

Application Module- Social Psychology and the Law

Filters