Question 1

A quasi-experimental research design would be preferable to an experimental design in which of these situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smaller sample size is sufficient to obtain significant results. 
B)  Demonstration of a cause-and-effect relationship is the desired outcome. 
C)  Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the data. 
D)  Data will need to be collected in a real-world setting. 
A)  A smaller sample size is sufficient to obtain significant results. 
B)  Demonstration of a cause-and-effect relationship is the desired outcome. 
C)  Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the data. 
D)  Data will need to be collected in a real-world setting.

Question 2

Control is important in an experimental research study for which of these reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It ensures maintenance of participant confidentiality. 
B)  It introduces one or more constants into the experimental situation. 
C)  It prevents data collection from extending beyond the original time specified for the study. 
D)  It ensures a cause-and-effect relationship between independent and dependent variables. 
A)  It ensures maintenance of participant confidentiality. 
B)  It introduces one or more constants into the experimental situation. 
C)  It prevents data collection from extending beyond the original time specified for the study. 
D)  It ensures a cause-and-effect relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Question 3

Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Establishing strict criteria for subject selection 
B)  Allowing participants to decide whether or not to be in the experimental group 
C)  Ensuring that subjects do not know the purpose of the experimental study 
D)  Increasing the number of assistants involved in data collection 
A)  Establishing strict criteria for subject selection 
B)  Allowing participants to decide whether or not to be in the experimental group 
C)  Ensuring that subjects do not know the purpose of the experimental study 
D)  Increasing the number of assistants involved in data collection

Question 4

A quasi-experimental study design would be a better choice for a research study than an experimental study design in which of these situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study is to be conducted in a laboratory setting. 
B)  An experimental treatment is not part of the study. 
C)  The researcher has not conducted research before. 
D)  Full experimental control is not possible. 
A)  The study is to be conducted in a laboratory setting. 
B)  An experimental treatment is not part of the study. 
C)  The researcher has not conducted research before. 
D)  Full experimental control is not possible.

Question 5

What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  Selection bias 
C)  Testing 
D)  Antecedent variable 
A)  Mortality 
B)  Selection bias 
C)  Testing 
D)  Antecedent variable

Question 6

The nurse researcher is planning a study in which subjects will not be randomly assigned to groups. Which type of design would be appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonequivalent control group design 
B)  Posttest only control group design 
C)  Solomon four-group design 
D)  True experimental design 
A)  Nonequivalent control group design 
B)  Posttest only control group design 
C)  Solomon four-group design 
D)  True experimental design

Question 7

A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative (experimental) research study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing. Which of these factors is necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Inclusion of a second control group 
B)  Ability to collect pretest data 
C)  Use of two posttreatment data collection times 
D)  Subjects randomized to the control group only 
E)  Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups 
A)  Inclusion of a second control group 
B)  Ability to collect pretest data 
C)  Use of two posttreatment data collection times 
D)  Subjects randomized to the control group only 
E)  Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups

Question 8

A research study is planned to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation and type of support surface on the rate of wound healing in sacral myocutaneous flap failures. Which is an independent variable in this study? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Rate of wound healing 
B)  Sacral myocutaneous flap 
C)  Retailer source of protein supplement 
D)  Type of support surface 
E)  Nutritional supplementation 
A)  Rate of wound healing 
B)  Sacral myocutaneous flap 
C)  Retailer source of protein supplement 
D)  Type of support surface 
E)  Nutritional supplementation

Question 9

In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  An experimental design requires an independent variable, whereas a quasi-experimental design neither identifies nor requires an independent variable. 
B)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomized versus nonrandomized) means that manipulation may result in different results. 
C)  Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone. 
D)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, whereas quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data are analyzed. 
A)  An experimental design requires an independent variable, whereas a quasi-experimental design neither identifies nor requires an independent variable. 
B)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomized versus nonrandomized) means that manipulation may result in different results. 
C)  Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone. 
D)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, whereas quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data are analyzed.

Question 10

A study of a program to help people quit cigarette smoking had three groups of subjects. The first group received one supportive phone call 10 days after attending a program on strategies to resist smoking. A second group received a supportive phone call every week for 6 weeks after attending the program. A third group received no supportive phone calls after attending the program.
-What is the dependent variable in the research scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  Program on strategies to resist smoking 
B)  Elimination of cigarette smoking 
C)  Weekly supportive phone call 
D)  No supportive phone call 
A)  Program on strategies to resist smoking 
B)  Elimination of cigarette smoking 
C)  Weekly supportive phone call 
D)  No supportive phone call

A quasi-experimental research design would be preferable to an experimental design in which of these situations?

Control is important in an experimental research study for which of these reasons?

Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?

A quasi-experimental study design would be a better choice for a research study than an experimental study design in which of these situations?

What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?

The nurse researcher is planning a study in which subjects will not be randomly assigned to groups. Which type of design would be appropriate for this study?

A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative (experimental) research study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing. Which of these factors is necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)

A research study is planned to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation and type of support surface on the rate of wound healing in sacral myocutaneous flap failures. Which is an independent variable in this study? (Select all that apply.)

In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes

Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Theoretical Frameworks for Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Designs

Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Strategies and Tools for Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Quality Improvement

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Exam 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

A quasi-experimental research design would be preferable to an experimental design in which of these situations?

Control is important in an experimental research study for which of these reasons?

Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?

A quasi-experimental study design would be a better choice for a research study than an experimental study design in which of these situations?

What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?

The nurse researcher is planning a study in which subjects will not be randomly assigned to groups. Which type of design would be appropriate for this study?

A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative (experimental) research study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing. Which of these factors is necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)

A research study is planned to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation and type of support surface on the rate of wound healing in sacral myocutaneous flap failures. Which is an independent variable in this study? (Select all that apply.)

In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes

Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Theoretical Frameworks for Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Designs

Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Strategies and Tools for Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Quality Improvement

Filters