Question 1

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the data-collection methods and procedures of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide? 
A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide? D

Question 2

A study includes this statement: "The fact that the inventory [instrument] was administered verbally introduced a potential bias of social desirability." This is indicative of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Implications for practice 
B)  Limitations of the study 
C)  Generalizability of the study 
D)  Recommendations for future research 
A)  Implications for practice 
B)  Limitations of the study 
C)  Generalizability of the study 
D)  Recommendations for future research B

Question 3

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the data analysis of a research report?

Accepted Answer

A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide? 
A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide? C

Question 4

Both the problem statement and the purpose of a quantitative research study report should address what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalizability 
B)  Sampling procedure 
C)  Implications for future research 
D)  Relationship between the variables 
A)  Generalizability 
B)  Sampling procedure 
C)  Implications for future research 
D)  Relationship between the variables

Question 5

Evaluating a research report for issues of scientific merit includes which factors? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Quality of data collection 
B)  Appropriateness of statistical analysis 
C)  Comprehensiveness of literature review 
D)  Design match to research question 
E)  Presentation of typeface in article 
A)  Quality of data collection 
B)  Appropriateness of statistical analysis 
C)  Comprehensiveness of literature review 
D)  Design match to research question 
E)  Presentation of typeface in article

Question 6

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Is a rationale given for the selection of a particular instrument or method?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physiologic measurement 
B)  Interviews 
C)  Available data records 
D)  Observation 
A)  Physiologic measurement 
B)  Interviews 
C)  Available data records 
D)  Observation

Question 7

Which statement most accurately evaluates a quantitative research study report's scientific merit?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample size was appropriate for the statistical tests used. 
B)  The study had one independent variable and two dependent variables. 
C)  Data described in narrative form within the text could have been more concise in a table. 
D)  The discussion was excessive in length. 
A)  The sample size was appropriate for the statistical tests used. 
B)  The study had one independent variable and two dependent variables. 
C)  Data described in narrative form within the text could have been more concise in a table. 
D)  The discussion was excessive in length.

Question 8

This statement was included in a study's abstract: "This research was an exploratory descriptive investigation of the pregnancy experiences of a multiethnic group of pregnant adolescents." What is this indicative of?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study's aims 
B)  The study's design 
C)  The study's significance 
D)  The study's implications 
A)  The study's aims 
B)  The study's design 
C)  The study's significance 
D)  The study's implications

Question 9

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the applicability to nursing practice of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide? 
A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide?

Question 10

Why would a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise be quasi-experimental in design versus experimental?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample size was small. 
B)  Randomization was not used in sample selection. 
C)  The dependent variables were not manipulated. 
D)  The independent variables were not manipulated. 
A)  The sample size was small. 
B)  Randomization was not used in sample selection. 
C)  The dependent variables were not manipulated. 
D)  The independent variables were not manipulated.

Question 11

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the sampling of a research report?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions? 
B)  What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately? 
C)  How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated? 
D)  To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability? 
A)  Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions? 
B)  What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately? 
C)  How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated? 
D)  To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?

Question 12

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Was interrater reliability calculated?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physiologic measurement 
B)  Interviews 
C)  Available data records 
D)  Observation 
A)  Physiologic measurement 
B)  Interviews 
C)  Available data records 
D)  Observation

Question 13

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the conclusions, implications, and recommendations of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide? 
A)  Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting? 
B)  Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively? 
C)  Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question? 
D)  Was there an observation guide?

Question 14

This statement was included in a research report: "A positive correlation was found between the variables of self-reported sleep adequacy and performance on the driving simulator (r = 0.21), although the correlation did not reach statistical significance." A research consumer should evaluate this to mean what?

Accepted Answer

A)  No relationship exists between the two variables. 
B)  The hypothesis was supported by the data presented. 
C)  The hypothesis was not supported by the data presented. 
D)  The relationship between the variables is too weak to have practical application. 
A)  No relationship exists between the two variables. 
B)  The hypothesis was supported by the data presented. 
C)  The hypothesis was not supported by the data presented. 
D)  The relationship between the variables is too weak to have practical application.

Question 15

A comparison study investigating the levels of depression in blind and sighted adolescents does not use a hypothesis. Does the lack of a hypothesis in this study represent a weakness? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not a weakness; study is descriptive 
B)  Not a weakness; study is quasi-experimental 
C)  Is a weakness; study is descriptive 
D)  Is a weakness; study is quasi-experimental 
A)  Not a weakness; study is descriptive 
B)  Not a weakness; study is quasi-experimental 
C)  Is a weakness; study is descriptive 
D)  Is a weakness; study is quasi-experimental

Question 16

How could the sample selection procedures used in a research study investigating the levels of depression occurring in blind and sighted adolescents make the sample of blind adolescents more homogeneous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eliminate subjects taking prescription medications 
B)  Narrow the age range of subjects to those between 13 and 18 years 
C)  Have the same person administer the questionnaire to all subjects 
D)  Avoid telling the subjects the nature of the study 
A)  Eliminate subjects taking prescription medications 
B)  Narrow the age range of subjects to those between 13 and 18 years 
C)  Have the same person administer the questionnaire to all subjects 
D)  Avoid telling the subjects the nature of the study

Question 17

Which change in the sample selection procedure of a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise would have the greatest impact on increasing the generalizability of the results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing the sample size 
B)  Including subjects who smoke in the study 
C)  Having a true control group rather than having subjects serve as their own controls 
D)  Expanding the sample population to include equal numbers of women who were moderately fit and highly fit 
A)  Increasing the sample size 
B)  Including subjects who smoke in the study 
C)  Having a true control group rather than having subjects serve as their own controls 
D)  Expanding the sample population to include equal numbers of women who were moderately fit and highly fit

Question 18

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions? 
B)  What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately? 
C)  How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated? 
D)  To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability? 
A)  Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions? 
B)  What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately? 
C)  How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated? 
D)  To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?

Question 19

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions? 
B)  What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately? 
C)  How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated? 
D)  To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability? 
A)  Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions? 
B)  What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately? 
C)  How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated? 
D)  To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?

Question 20

A nursing student is critiquing a research study on the effects of test anxiety reduction and a review course on National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) success rates of graduate nurses. The student notes several threats to internal validity. These threats affect the accuracy of which variables? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  NCLEX success rates 
B)  Test anxiety reduction 
C)  Graduate nurses 
D)  Review course 
E)  Type of nursing program 
A)  NCLEX success rates 
B)  Test anxiety reduction 
C)  Graduate nurses 
D)  Review course 
E)  Type of nursing program

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the data-collection methods and procedures of a research report is what?

A study includes this statement: "The fact that the inventory [instrument] was administered verbally introduced a potential bias of social desirability." This is indicative of what?

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the data analysis of a research report?

Both the problem statement and the purpose of a quantitative research study report should address what?

Evaluating a research report for issues of scientific merit includes which factors? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Is a rationale given for the selection of a particular instrument or method?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Which statement most accurately evaluates a quantitative research study report's scientific merit?

This statement was included in a study's abstract: "This research was an exploratory descriptive investigation of the pregnancy experiences of a multiethnic group of pregnant adolescents." What is this indicative of?

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the applicability to nursing practice of a research report is what?

Why would a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise be quasi-experimental in design versus experimental?

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the sampling of a research report?

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Was interrater reliability calculated?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the conclusions, implications, and recommendations of a research report is what?

A comparison study investigating the levels of depression in blind and sighted adolescents does not use a hypothesis. Does the lack of a hypothesis in this study represent a weakness? Why or why not?

How could the sample selection procedures used in a research study investigating the levels of depression occurring in blind and sighted adolescents make the sample of blind adolescents more homogeneous?

Which change in the sample selection procedure of a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise would have the greatest impact on increasing the generalizability of the results?

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report?

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report is what?

Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes

Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Theoretical Frameworks for Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Strategies and Tools for Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Quality Improvement

Filters

Exam 18: Appraising Quantitative Research

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the data-collection methods and procedures of a research report is what?

A study includes this statement: "The fact that the inventory [instrument] was administered verbally introduced a potential bias of social desirability." This is indicative of what?

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the data analysis of a research report?

Both the problem statement and the purpose of a quantitative research study report should address what?

Evaluating a research report for issues of scientific merit includes which factors? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Is a rationale given for the selection of a particular instrument or method?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Which statement most accurately evaluates a quantitative research study report's scientific merit?

This statement was included in a study's abstract: "This research was an exploratory descriptive investigation of the pregnancy experiences of a multiethnic group of pregnant adolescents." What is this indicative of?

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the applicability to nursing practice of a research report is what?

Why would a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise be quasi-experimental in design versus experimental?

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the sampling of a research report?

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Was interrater reliability calculated?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the conclusions, implications, and recommendations of a research report is what?

A comparison study investigating the levels of depression in blind and sighted adolescents does not use a hypothesis. Does the lack of a hypothesis in this study represent a weakness? Why or why not?

How could the sample selection procedures used in a research study investigating the levels of depression occurring in blind and sighted adolescents make the sample of blind adolescents more homogeneous?

Which change in the sample selection procedure of a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise would have the greatest impact on increasing the generalizability of the results?

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report?

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report is what?

Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes

Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Theoretical Frameworks for Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Strategies and Tools for Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Quality Improvement

Filters