Exam 15: Population and Urbanization.

In 2004, the U.S. infant mortality rate for white infants was __________ live births.

__________ is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.

Discuss mortality as it relates to the study of population.

English economist Thomas Malthus argued that the population would increase in a geometric (exponential) progression while the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic progression; thus, a __________ occurs.

The __________ refers to the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

In the United States, the estimated sex ratio for 2006 was __________

__________ migration has occurred throughout U.S. history. In the late 19ᵗʰ and early 20ᵗʰ centuries, a major population shift occurred as thousands of people moved from rural to urban areas.

Approximately ____ percent of the children living in unauthorized immigrant families in the U.S. are U.S. citizens by birth.

Describe population growth in global context.

Symbolic interactionists argue that "uneven development" -the tendency of some neighborhoods, cities, or regions to grow and prosper whereas others stagnate and decline-reflects inequalities of wealth and power in society.

Describe the study of demography and define the basic demographic concepts.

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective, the greatest crisis today facing low-income nations is __________.

__________ are a series of bar graphs divided into five-year age cohorts, with the left side depicting the number or percentage of males in each age bracket; the right side provides the same information for females.

Life expectancy varies by sex. Females born in the United States in 2004 could expect to live about __________ years.

A conflict perspective on migration, the __________ suggests that immigrants from low-income countries are often recruited for secondary-labor market positions, dead-end jobs with low wages, unstable employment, and sometimes hazardous working conditions.

Immigration is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency, whereas emigration is the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere.

From a global context, discuss the Marxist perspective on population growth.

Gentrification is the process by which members of the middle and upper-middle classes, especially whites, move into the central-city area and renovate existing properties.

The __________ emphasizes the part the entire family plays in the migration process. By having a diversity of family income (originating from more than one source), the family is cushioned from the economic woes of the nation that most of the family members think of as "home."

The simplest measure of mortality is the __________ rate.