Exam 15: Population and Urbanization.

Discuss the symbolic interactionist perspective on urbanization and the growth of cities: the experience of city life.

In 2004, the U.S. infant mortality rate for African American infants was __________ live births.

Describe urbanization in global perspective.

During the demographic transition stage of __________, significant population growth occurs because birth rates are relatively high whereas death rates decline. Improvements in health, sanitation, and nutrition produce a substantial decline in infant mortality rates. Overpopulation is likely to occur because more people are alive than the society has the ability to support.

__________ is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency.

Sociologist Ernest Burgess observed that when some of the single-family residences were sold and subsequently divided into multiple housing units, the remaining single-family owners moved out because the "old" neighborhood had changed. This exemplified that the ecological process of __________ had occurred.

One measure of population composition is the __________ which is the number of males for every hundred females in a given population.

______ framing by the TV industry describes immigrants as nothing more than cheap labor that benefits employers.

From a global context, explain the Malthusian perspective on population growth.

Applying urban ecologist Homer Hoyt's __________, residences of a particular type and value tend to grow outward from the center of the city in wedge-shaped parts, with the more-expensive residential neighborhoods located along the higher ground near lakes and rivers or along certain streets that stretch in one direction or another from the downtown area.

Slavery is the most striking example of __________; the 10 - 20 million Africans forcibly transported to the Western Hemisphere prior to 1800 did not come by choice.

__________ views migration as linked to the problems caused by capitalist development around the world. As the natural resources, land, and work force in low-income countries with little or no industrialization have come under the influence of international markets, there has been a corresponding flow of migrants from those nations to the highly industrialized, high-income countries.

Regarded as an important ecological process involved in the concentric zone model, __________ is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an area formerly dominated by another group or activity.

__________ is the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment.

Considered an important ecological process involved in the concentric zone model, __________ is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or land use.

__________ is the process by which members of the middle and upper-middle classes, especially whites, move into the central city area and renovate existing properties.

Undocumented immigrant workers are over-represented in occupational groupings such as farming, cleaning, construction, and food preparation.

During the demographic transition stage of __________, birth rates continue to decline as more women gain full-time employment and the cost of raising children continues to increase. The population grows very slowly, if at all, because the decrease in birth rates is coupled with a stable death rate.

In 2000, the leading cause of death in the United States was __________.

Summarize urban problems in the United States.