Exam 1: Cell Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptations

A 90-year-old man died in a nursing home. During the past 10 years, he was unable to care for himself and was mentally incoherent. He had no memory and could not hold a conversation. He was unaware of his surroundings. At autopsy, the brain showed signs of Alzheimer disease, and there were neurons containing numerous neurofibrillary tangles. These cytoplasmic structures are formed from which component of the neurons?

Uptake of bacteria into the cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes is called

A 30-year-old woman who had leukemia was treated with bone marrow transplantation. She developed a skin rash that was interpreted as a sign of a graft-versus- host reaction. A skin biopsy was performed. In the epidermis, there were scattered dead epidermal cells that had rounded contours and pyknotic nuclei. This form of cell death is caused by

A 60-year-old obese man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of alcoholism. He has diabetes mellitus. A liver biopsy was performed, and the specimen showed that the liver cells contain increased amounts of

A 60-year-old man who had generalized atherosclerosis died 24 hours after having a stroke. A cerebral infarct was found at autopsy. Necrosis of the brain is classified as

A 55-year-old man who was on renal dialysis was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of nausea and vomiting. A gastric biopsy was performed. The gastric mucosa contained foci of amorphous, bluish (basophilic) material forming aggregates 10-20 mm in diameter. These aggregates were seen mostly in the stroma between the foveolar cells. No other abnormalities were seen, and the pathologist concluded that these changes represent evidence of

Continuous expression of the gene for atrial natriuretic factor in the myocardial cells of the left ventricle is typically a consequence of

Ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of plasma proteins is opposed by

A 28-year-old man was found to have cirrhosis of the liver and pulmonary emphysema. The liver cells contained globular inclusions in their cytoplasm, which by electron microscopy are shown to be located inside the