Exam 3: Awareness and Sensitivity to Ethical Issues

List and discuss three out of the nine hypotheses of the theory of social comparison.

Ethical sensitivity is influenced by personal characteristics beyond training and education.

Researchers have found that cognitive dissonance serves as motivation.

Narvaez and Vaydich (2008) noted that an "___________" involved emotional affiliation with others or an ethic of caring based on relationships.

High scorers on Volker's moral sensitivity measure were independently rated as less effective counselors.

Some researchers suggested that ______ model is incomplete as it does not truly incorporate the powerful role of noncognitive intuitions and associated emotions.

In Hoffman's view, empathy has its roots in emotional reactions to others.

In Haidt's view, cognitive processes provide the language by which we interpret our behaviors but are not the processes used to construct moral actions. This is called the:

The idea of commitment to an organization for counselors and therapists may be interpreted as a commitment to a professional organization such as the ________.

Define "ethical sensitivity".

___________is characterized as both a cognitive and an affective process.

____________ models highlight the role of how various belief systems are understood rather than where they originate.

When one reasons about a moral issue, it is usually emotionally neutral.

Discuss how empathy may impact ethical motivation.

One theory that explains how ethical motivation may function can be found in:

___________ (1957) first introduced cognitive dissonance theory, which states that when there is a difference between cognitions and behavior, there is dissonance and discomfort.

Counselors/therapists can use cognitive dissonance theory by attending to feelings or thoughts of ___________ between cognitions and behaviors.

____________ models note the links between a developing understanding of ethical consideration and the perceived importance and interpretation of various values and beliefs.

An integrated system of beliefs, values, standards, and self-images that define the individual's orientation toward matters of right or wrong is known as:

Kurtines and Gewirtz proposed that acts of ethical behavior _______ future likelihood of such behavior because they increasingly establish the self and ethical identity.