Exam 19: Population and Urbanization

Changes in fertility,mortality,and migration affect the __________,which refers to the biological and social characteristics of a population,including age,sex,race,marital status,education,occupation,income,and size of household.

One measure of population composition is the sex ratio.In the United States,the estimated sex ratio for 2003 was 96.3,which means there were about 96 females per 100 males.

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,three major themes prevail in political economy models of urban growth.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory,__________ nations such as India,Iran,and Mexico are confronted with unprecedented population growth.In addition,a steady flow of rural migrants to large cities is creating enormous urban problems.

Based on his preconditions for the development of cities,sociologist Gideon Sjoberg places the first cities in:

Between 1985 and 2025,93 percent of all global population growth will have occurred in Africa,Asia,and Latin America,and 83 percent of the world's population will live in those regions by 2025.

According to sociologist __________,urban life is highly stimulating,and it shapes people's thoughts and actions.Urban residents are influenced by the quick pace of the city and the pervasiveness of economic relations in everyday life.

__________ is/are based on a strongly gendered division of labor in the home,gender-segregated paid employment,and women's dependence on men's income.

Symbolic interactionists argue that "uneven development"-the tendency of some neighborhoods,cities,or regions to grow and prosper whereas others stagnate and decline-reflects inequalities of wealth and power in society.

Functionalists argue that cities do not grow or decline by chance.Rather,they are the product of specific decisions made by members of the capitalist class and political elites.These far-reaching decisions regarding land use and urban development benefit the members of some groups at the expense of others.

According to the multiple nuclei model,cities do not have one center from which all growth radiates,but rather have numerous centers of development based on specific urban needs or activities.As cities began to grow rapidly,they annexed formerly outlying and independent townships that had been communities in their own right.

Marx and Engels made a significant contribution to the study of Demography by suggesting that __________,not overpopulation,is the Most important issue with regard to food supply in a capitalist economy.

Emigration is the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere,whereas immigration is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency.

Describe population growth in a global context.

According to __________,Earth is a "dying planet" with too many people And too little food,compounded by environmental degradation.

__________ is the process by which members of the middle and upper-middle classes,especially whites,move into the central city area and renovate existing properties.

The most basic measure of fertility is the __________ rate.

__________ is the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population.

In Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model,the working-class residences And shops and ethnic enclaves are found in:

Several major theories have been developed in an attempt to explain international migration.The __________ assumes that migration patterns occur based on geographic differences in the supply and demand for labor.