Exam 19: Population and Urbanization

Summarize rural community issues in the United States.

__________ refers to the point at which no population increase occurs From year to year because the number of births plus immigrants is equal To the number of deaths plus emigrants.

A __________ refers to one or more central cities and their surrounding suburbs that dominate the economic and cultural life of a region.

A lending practice of banks includes the __________ of certain properties so that acquiring a loan is virtually impossible.

__________ is a subfield of sociology that examines population size,composition,and distribution.

Sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker asserted that urban space has an "exchange value," which refers to the profits that industrialists make from buying,selling,and developing land and buildings; and a "use value," which is the utility of space,land,and buildings for everyday life,family life,and neighborhood life.

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory,most African countries and many countries in South America and the Caribbean are __________ nations that depend on core nations for capital,have little or no industrialization,and have uneven patterns of urbanization.

Discuss fertility as it relates to the study of population.

According to scholar Elizabeth Wilson,some men view the city as __________ in which women,based on their sexual desirability and accessibility,are categorized as prostitutes,lesbians,temptresses,or virtuous women in need of protection.

____________ argue that overpopulation and rapid population growth Result in global warming,rain-forest destruction,and vulnerability to epidemics.

By the year 2025,__________ percent of the world's population will live in Africa,Asia,and Latin America.

__________ theorists examine the experience of urban life,attempting to understand how city life affects the people who live in a city.

The __________ suggests that migration may be fostered by groups,such as humanitarian aid organizations relocating refugees or smugglers bringing people into a country illegally,and that the actions of these groups may produce a larger stream of migrants than would otherwise be the case.

Define the term "rural community" and summarize rural community issues in the United States.

The __________ refers to the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Urban ecologist Homer Hoyt's __________ emphasizes the significance of terrain and the importance of transportation routes in the layout of cities.

International migration has occurred throughout U.S.history and has significantly changed the distribution of the population over time.For example,in the late 19ᵗʰ century and early 20ᵗʰ century,thousands of people moved from rural to urban areas.

Economist Thomas Malthus stated that the elimination of the existing population might be averted by either positive or preventive checks on population.Preventive checks are mortality risks such as famine,disease,and war,compared with positive checks,which include limits on fertility.For Malthus,the only acceptable positive check was moral restraint.

An important ecological process involved in the concentric zone theory,__________,is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or land use.

Sociologist Herbert Gans suggested that not everyone experiences the city in the same way.Based on research in Boston during the 1950s,he concluded that many residents develop strong loyalties and a sense of community in central-city areas that outsiders may view negatively.