Exam 19: Population and Urbanization

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory,the wealthy in peripheral nations support the exploitation of poor workers by core nation capitalists in return for maintaining their own wealth and position.Poverty is thus perpetuated,and the problems worsen because of the unprecedented population growth in these countries.

In low-income,less-developed nations,infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death; in some areas,mortality rates are increasing rapidly as a result of HIV/AIDS.Children under age 15 constitute a growing number of those who are infected with HIV/AIDS.

The __________ is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

From a global context,elaborate on the Neo-Malthusian perspective on population growth.

__________ are a series of bar graphs divided into five-year age cohorts,with the left side depicting the number or percentage of males in each age bracket; the right side provides the same information for females.

During the demographic transition stage of __________,significant population growth occurs because birth rates are relatively high,whereas death rates decline.Improvements in health,sanitation,and nutrition produce a substantial decline in infant mortality rates.Overpopulation is likely to occur because more people are alive than the society has the ability to support.

The __________ is an important reflection of a society's level of preventive (prenatal) medical care,maternal nutrition,childbirth procedures,and neonatal care for infants.

According to sociologist Emile Durkheim,__________ is characterized by a simple division of labor and shared religious beliefs such as are found in small agrarian societies.

In Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model,the central business district Is found in:

Between 1985 and 2025,__________ percent of all population growth will have occurred in Africa,Asia,and Latin America.

The age distribution of a population has a direct bearing on the demand for schooling,health,employment,housing,and pensions.The current distribution of a population can be depicted in a population pyramid.

__________ is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.

During the demographic transition stage of __________,very little population growth occurs because both birth rates and death rates are low.The birth rate declines as couples control their fertility through contraceptives and become less likely to adhere to religious directives against their use.

Summarize the field of demography.

Many sociological studies use __________ analysis as a component of The research design because all aspects of social life are affected by it. For example,an important relationship exists between population size and The availability of food,water,energy,and housing.

Based on urbanization and the growth of cities,discuss the functionalist perspective as it relates to the ecological models.

From a global context,discuss the Demographic Transition theory on population growth.

Cities are a relatively recent innovation when compared to the length of human existence.

The level of fertility in a society is based on biological and social factors,the primary biological factor being:

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,__________is the utility of space,land,and buildings for everyday life,family life,and neighborhood life.