Exam 9: Global Stratification

The __________ states that global poverty can at least partially be attributed to the fact that the low-income countries have been exploited by the high-income countries.

The gap between some richer and middle- or lower-income nations has __________ for life expectancy,adult literacy,and daily calorie supply.

The average life expectancy at birth of people in middle-income countries remains about __________ years less than that of people in high-income countries.

In 1960,the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had more than 30 times the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population; by 2005,the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had almost 85 times the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population.

Describe global inequality in relation to development and modernization theory.

Many poor women worldwide do not have access to commercial credit and have been trained only in traditionally female skills that produce low wages.

In order to better understand how the HDI translates into real life,we should consider that a child that is born in 2010 in Norway has a life expectancy of _________ years compared with a life expectancy of _________ for a child born in Zimbabwe.

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory,the capitalist world economy is a global system divided into a hierarchy of three major types of nations in which upward or downward mobility is conditioned by the resources and obstacles that characterize the international system.

Identify and explain the use of the Gini coefficient and global quality of life issues.

Nations with high-income economies continue to dominate the world economy,despite capital flight (the movement of jobs and economic resources from one nation to another) and deindustrialization (closing plants and factories because of their obsolescence).

U.S.President John F.Kennedy's economic advisor Walt W.Rostow suggested that all countries go through four stages of economic development.He stated that the second stage is the take-off stage-a period of economic growth accompanied by a growing belief in individualism,competition,and achievement.

Less than one-third of the residents of middle-income economy nations live in poverty.

___________ is an important example of a lower-middle income economy because that nation's rural-urban divide has brought increasing income and wealth to urban areas through world trade and the presence of multinational corporations as contrasted with rural areas that remain dependent on agriculture,particularly rice,for economic survival.

The number of hours that people work at their jobs each week is One measure of the extent to which individuals subscribe to the work ethic,which is a core value widely believed to be of great significance in the __________ process.

_________ poverty would be measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.

Walt Rostow,economic advisor to U.S.President Kennedy,suggested that all countries go through four stages of economic development.In the third stage,referred to as the __________,the country will reinvest in new industries and embrace the beliefs,values,and social institutions of the high-income,developed nations.

In 1960,the wealthiest 20 percent of the world's population had more Than __________ times the income of the poorest 20 percent.

Summarize the levels of development approach.

The 2008 U.S.financial crisis led to a global recession,which spread from high-income economies to lower-income economies.The economic slowdown particularly harmed countries located in the sub-Saharan Africa.

In the future,continued population growth,urbanization,environmental degradation,and violent conflict threaten even the meager living conditions of those residing in __________ nations.