Exam 9: Global Stratification

Despite the fact that women have made some gains in terms of well-being,the income gap between men and women __________ in low-income,developing nations.

In 1990,the United Nations introduced the __________,establishing three new criteria,in addition to the gross domestic product,for measuring the level of advancement in a country: life expectancy,education,and living standards.

The __________ (deaths per thousand live births) is more than eight Times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries.

Capital flight often occurs because transnational corporations become aware of pools of cheap labor in ___________ nations where workers do not have legal protection or unions to help boost their wages and improve their work conditions.

Beginning in 2010,the Human Development Report included a new top category of nations called:

The 2010 life expectancy rate for the United States was _________ and the GNI was $47,094.

Discuss problems in studying global inequality.

First World nations consisted of the rich,industrialized nations that primarily have capitalistic economic systems and democratic political systems.

The top countries identified as having "Very High Human Development" are:

The World Bank classifies nations into four economic categories:

Although some gains have been made in reducing the rate of malnourishment in some lower-income nations,about __________ people around the world are malnourished.

According to world systems theory,most low-income countries in Africa and South America are __________ nations that are dependent on other nations for capital,have little or no industrialization,and have uneven patterns of urbanization.

__________ is ranked 91ˢᵗ based on its Gini coefficient and is the location of many protestors and rioters that are demanding economic equality and political change in the 2010s.

People living in the __________,which comprise the poorest countries,have little or no industrialization and the lowest standards of living,shortest life expectancies,and highest rates of mortality.

__________ poverty is measured by comparing one person's income with the incomes of others.

The bottom three countries in the "Low Human Development" category are:

The __________,named after a U.S.Secretary of State,provided massive sums of money in direct aid and loans to rebuild the European economic base destroyed during World War II.

According to the United Nations,women constitute about 40 percent of those who are illiterate.Literacy is crucial for women because it has been closely linked to increases in fertility,improved child health,and decreased earnings potential.

According to modernization theory,the high-income,more-developed nations can improve their standard of living only with a period of intensive economic growth and accompanying changes in people's beliefs,values,and attitudes toward work.

Discuss the dependency theory of global inequality.