Exam 3: The Reformations

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What were the key reforms and developments of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?

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What made England's Reformation unique?

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What was Christian humanism?

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Mary Tudor's reign in England (1554-1558) witnessed one rebellion. ________ caused that rebellion.

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Anticlericalism was a significant component in critiques of the pre-Reformation church. How valid were the claims of anticlericalism?

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In 1529, Landgrave Philip of Hesse's 1529 held a conference in Marburg in an attempt to unite the various reform movements in Germany and Switzerland. The conference failed to do so because the key players Luther and Zwingli could not agree on ________.

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Thomas More wrote Utopia (1516) as the blueprint for a model society.

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Luther's outrage over Johann Tetzel's claims over the power of indulgences led him to write his "Ninety-Five Theses."

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Why did Luther object to indulgences?

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How did Catholics respond to the threats of the Protestant Reformation during the Catholic Counter-Reformation?

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How did Christian humanists attempt to reform the Church and religious practices?

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In 1534, Anabaptists took over the city of Münster, where some leaders attempted to speed along the Second Coming of Christ.

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The three major goals of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) were education, foreign missions, and the reconversion of Protestants.

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Were the Catholic religious reforms of the sixteenth century a Counter-Reformation or a Catholic Reformation?

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What were religious practices and beliefs like before the Protestant Reformation?

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How did Luther's attempt to debate the theory and practice of selling indulgences lead to the end of a united Christendom?

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Luther's Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (the "Ninety-Five Theses") was not a revolutionary manifesto.

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How did Zürich move away from the Catholic Church during its reformation?

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Erasmus has often been charged with having "laid the egg that Luther hatched." Is this an accurate statement? Were Erasmus and other Christian humanists responsible for the Protestant Reformation?

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The Consilium de emendada ecclesium (Council for improving the Church) focused its efforts on criticizing Protestant reformers and the lack of piety amongst church officials.

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