Exam 48: Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Freshwater fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in hypoosmotic conditions in part by ____.

Winged arthropods rely solely on behavioral mechanisms for thermoregulation.

Cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete ____ in response to a significant drop in blood pressure or blood volume.

Many terrestrial ectotherms regulate their temperature by ____.

Polycystic kidney disease results in kidney failure due to ____.

In humans, brown adipose tissue is used for ____.

An example of an ectotherm is a(n) ____.

The main form of nitrogenous wastes released by mammals to their environment is ____.

The osmoreceptors that detect and react to dehydration are located in the ____.

In all but the simplest animals, osmoregulation and excretion is carried out using tubules that are ____.

Many birds, such as seagulls (which rarely drink fresh water), deal with the osmotic stress of taking in large quantities of salt in their food mainly by ____.

The smallest branches of ____ end(s) with a large flame cell.

If you were stranded in the Sahara Desert with very little water, you would likely die as a result of ____.

The movement of some molecules and ions out of excretory system tubules and back into body fluids is called ____.

The relatively simple excretory system used by flatworms consists of tubules called ____.

The process of ____ is the transfer of heat from a body to a fluid that passes over its surface.

Describe the different types of torpor.

The hormone ADH causes the reabsorption of water in the kidney by increasing the number of aquaporin water channels in the plasma membrane of the collecting ducts.

Would drinking a gallon of tap water, a gallon of sea water, or a gallon of beer produce the most urine? Which would produce the least urine? Why?