Exam 33: The Plant Body

In vascular plants, water and dissolved minerals are transported from roots to the stems and leaves by ____.

Xylem and phloem are types of ____.

Primary and secondary xylem that can no longer transport water and solutes, but can store defensive compounds, is called ____.

Which term refers to plants that complete their life cycle in one growing season?

Often connected to a petiole, ____ may be either simple or compound and are typically the main organs of photosynthesis and gas exchange.

Lateral roots arise from the ____.

Plant surfaces are covered and protected by ____.

When an apical meristem cell divides, one daughter cell is called the initial and the other is called the derivative. What are the fates of these cells?

Meristems produce three plant organ systems.

Rhizomes, tubers, corms, and stolons are examples of modified ____.

Vascular tissue cells that join end to end in tubelike columns are known as ____.

Girdling is the process by which bark is removed from the entire circumference of a tree or branch. Explain why a deciduous tree that is completely girdled in mid-summer can retain leaves throughout some or all of the rest of the growing season, but eventually die.

Plant cells called ____ make up the bulk of the soft primary growth of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

In response to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere over the past 200 years, stomata in leaves of some species have ____.

The root apical meristem is surrounded and protected by a structure called the ____.

Adventitious roots arise from a plant's stem.

Molecular studies have found that the knotted-1 ( KN-1 ) gene normally causes knobby growth.

When ____ cells mature, they develop thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin and cellulose and die, leaving empty cells that serve as pipelines for water and mineral transport.

Growth from apical meristems, generally resulting in an increase in the length of a plant, is referred to as ____ growth.