Exam 28: Seedless Plants

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that liverworts were the first land plants.

Land plants form a ____ clade descended from a common ____ ancestor.

Bryophytes have ____.

The polysaccharide that helps strengthen cell walls in transport tissues of hornworts is called ____.

When plants colonized land, they dramatically changed conditions on Earth by altering the global ____ cycle.

Tiny openings in the cuticle-covered surfaces of most land plants, called ____, control water loss and carbon dioxide uptake for photosynthesis.

What are the differences between dysploidy and polyploidy?

The phylum ____ contains about 6,000 known living species of nonvascular plants, including the genus Marchantia , whose members can reproduce asexually using gemmae.

Which statement best explains why modern seedless vascular plants are confined largely to wet or humid environments?

Which trait is least likely to be shared between green algae and land plants?

The haploid phase of the plant life cycle begins in the sporangia.

Ferns are particularly useful for research on plant growth and development because of the ____.

Molecular studies place ____ as the sister clade of vascular plants.

Represented by only two living genera, Psilotum and Tmesipteris , ____ resemble the extinct Cooksonia . Having no true roots or leaves, these seedless vascular plants are essentially forking green stems.

Molecular studies point to the order Zygnematales, whose modern representatives include ____, as the sister clade of all land plants.

Recent studies on the evolutionary divergence of seed plants from seedless vascular plants used the genome of a ____, a lycophyte, as a comparison for genomes of the more derived land plants.

Club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts are members of the ____ phylum.

In sexually reproducing animals, a multicellular body develops when ____ cells divide by ____.

Club moss sporangia form on specialized leaves called ____ that occur near stem tips.

The mature sporophyte body form of a typical ____ has fronds growing from a rhizome, with sori on the lower surface or margins of some of the fronds.