Question 1

Archaea genomes contain introns .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from the phagocytic activity of prokaryotes that was not followed by digestion is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of natural selection 
B)  endosymbiotic hypothesis 
C)  ribozymes-first hypothesis 
D)  Oparin-Haldane hypothesis 
E)  stromatolite hypothesis 
A)  theory of natural selection 
B)  endosymbiotic hypothesis 
C)  ribozymes-first hypothesis 
D)  Oparin-Haldane hypothesis 
E)  stromatolite hypothesis

Question 3

Which feature of Archaea is shared with Bacteria but not with Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  the sequestration of DNA into a nucleus 
B)  the common occurrence of introns 
C)  the chemical structure of the cell walls 
D)  the plasma membrane struct 
E)  a genome comprised of a single, circular molecule of DNA 
A)  the sequestration of DNA into a nucleus 
B)  the common occurrence of introns 
C)  the chemical structure of the cell walls 
D)  the plasma membrane struct 
E)  a genome comprised of a single, circular molecule of DNA

Question 4

The evolution of life on Earth was made possible by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  organelles 
C)  an environment that favors oxygen photosynthesizers 
D)  natural selection that favors efficient reproduction of organisms 
E)  random mutations 
A)  DNA 
B)  organelles 
C)  an environment that favors oxygen photosynthesizers 
D)  natural selection that favors efficient reproduction of organisms 
E)  random mutations

Question 5

According to the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, ____ was likely absent or near absent in Earth's early atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  O2(oxygen) 
B)  H2(hydrogen) 
C)  CH4(methane) 
D)  H2O (in vapor form) 
E)  NH3(ammonia) 
A)  O2(oxygen) 
B)  H2(hydrogen) 
C)  CH4(methane) 
D)  H2O (in vapor form) 
E)  NH3(ammonia)

Question 6

Stars provided ____ elements making up cells on Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  none of the 
B)  about half of the 
C)  only the radioactive 
D)  most of the 
E)  all of the 
A)  none of the 
B)  about half of the 
C)  only the radioactive 
D)  most of the 
E)  all of the

Question 7

One line of evidence for endosymbiosis is that chloroplasts resemble ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic bacteria 
B)  aerobic bacteria 
C)  fungi 
D)  protists 
E)  cyanobacteria 
A)  anaerobic bacteria 
B)  aerobic bacteria 
C)  fungi 
D)  protists 
E)  cyanobacteria

Question 8

The RNA world proposal suggests that the first information molecules were ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer RNA 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  unpaired strands of DNA 
A)  transfer RNA 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  unpaired strands of DNA

Question 9

Evidence for the possible evolution of information storage from RNA to DNA is the fact that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  they use the same nucleotides 
B)  some modern viruses synthesize DNA from an RNA template 
C)  bacteria use RNA as a genetic information storage molecule 
D)  RNA is a simpler molecule than DNA 
E)  RNA and DNA will form complementary pairs 
A)  they use the same nucleotides 
B)  some modern viruses synthesize DNA from an RNA template 
C)  bacteria use RNA as a genetic information storage molecule 
D)  RNA is a simpler molecule than DNA 
E)  RNA and DNA will form complementary pairs

Question 10

A characteristic of all modern, living cells is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a semi-permeable membrane keeping the internal environment of the cell separate from the external  environment 
B)  nucleic acids linked in a sequence to form multiple large macromolecule chains 
C)  a requirement for the nucleic acids to be contained behind a nuclear membrane 
D)  a mechanism of converting energy from the sun 
E)  a method of converting protein changes into nucleic acids 
A)  a semi-permeable membrane keeping the internal environment of the cell separate from the external  environment 
B)  nucleic acids linked in a sequence to form multiple large macromolecule chains 
C)  a requirement for the nucleic acids to be contained behind a nuclear membrane 
D)  a mechanism of converting energy from the sun 
E)  a method of converting protein changes into nucleic acids

Question 11

Natural sources of energy on the early Earth caused ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous genetic mutations 
B)  chemical bonds to break 
C)  chemical bonds to form 
D)  chemical bonds to break and form 
E)  spontaneous genetic mutations and chemical bonds to break and form 
A)  spontaneous genetic mutations 
B)  chemical bonds to break 
C)  chemical bonds to form 
D)  chemical bonds to break and form 
E)  spontaneous genetic mutations and chemical bonds to break and form

Question 12

The first information storage molecule was probably ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  protein 
D)  carbohydrates 
E)  lipids 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  protein 
D)  carbohydrates 
E)  lipids

Question 13

Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of a gene from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a prokaryotic genome to a eukaryotic genome 
B)  the chloroplast genome to a eukaryotic genome 
C)  the mitochondrial genome to a eukaryotic genome 
D)  a viral genome to the eukaryotic genome 
E)  all of these are correct 
A)  a prokaryotic genome to a eukaryotic genome 
B)  the chloroplast genome to a eukaryotic genome 
C)  the mitochondrial genome to a eukaryotic genome 
D)  a viral genome to the eukaryotic genome 
E)  all of these are correct

Question 14

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  most of the genes from the endocytosed bacteria moved to the nucleus 
B)  the host anaerobe became dependent upon the endocytosed bacteria 
C)  the endocytosized bacteria became dependent on the host cell 
D)  all endocytosed bacteria were photosynthetic 
E)  most of the genes from the endocytosed bacteria moved to the nucleus, the host anaerobe became dependent upon the endocytosed bacteria, and the endocytosed bacteria became dependent on the host cell 
A)  most of the genes from the endocytosed bacteria moved to the nucleus 
B)  the host anaerobe became dependent upon the endocytosed bacteria 
C)  the endocytosized bacteria became dependent on the host cell 
D)  all endocytosed bacteria were photosynthetic 
E)  most of the genes from the endocytosed bacteria moved to the nucleus, the host anaerobe became dependent upon the endocytosed bacteria, and the endocytosed bacteria became dependent on the host cell

Question 15

"Prebiotic soup" refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the interior contents of protocells 
B)  the cytoplasm of early prokaryotic cells 
C)  the mix of gases in the atmosphere that gave rise to the first organic molecules 
D)  the polymerized slime coating ancient clay particles 
E)  the accumulation of organic molecules that formed in the oceans before there was life on Earth 
A)  the interior contents of protocells 
B)  the cytoplasm of early prokaryotic cells 
C)  the mix of gases in the atmosphere that gave rise to the first organic molecules 
D)  the polymerized slime coating ancient clay particles 
E)  the accumulation of organic molecules that formed in the oceans before there was life on Earth

Question 16

Archaeans resemble bacteria by the ____, and resemble eukaryotes by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of membrane-bound organelles; presence of a nucleus 
B)  presence of similar cell wall proteins; presence of similar rRNA sequences 
C)  ability to perform aerobic respiration; presence of similar cell wall proteins 
D)  lack of membrane-bound organelles; presence of introns 
E)  presence of nucleoid region; lack of a nuclear envelope 
A)  lack of membrane-bound organelles; presence of a nucleus 
B)  presence of similar cell wall proteins; presence of similar rRNA sequences 
C)  ability to perform aerobic respiration; presence of similar cell wall proteins 
D)  lack of membrane-bound organelles; presence of introns 
E)  presence of nucleoid region; lack of a nuclear envelope

Question 17

Aside from the traditional hypothesis that life on Earth developed via organic compounds produced in a reducing atmosphere, which alternative hypotheses is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life could have arisen from the organic compounds formed around hydrothermal vents far below the ocean floor. 
B)  Life could have developed on another planet and was then delivered by meteorites. 
C)  The organic compounds necessary for life were delivered to Earth by meteorites. 
D)  Life on Earth may have arisen inside land-based volcanoes. 
E)  The organic compounds necessary for life could only have been produced in an oxidizing atmosphere. 
A)  Life could have arisen from the organic compounds formed around hydrothermal vents far below the ocean floor. 
B)  Life could have developed on another planet and was then delivered by meteorites. 
C)  The organic compounds necessary for life were delivered to Earth by meteorites. 
D)  Life on Earth may have arisen inside land-based volcanoes. 
E)  The organic compounds necessary for life could only have been produced in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Question 18

Volcanic activity on early Earth was responsible for the release of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gases for the early atmosphere 
B)  oxygen for photosynthesis 
C)  water vapor necessary to form the first oceans 
D)  gases for the early atmosphere and oxygen for photosynthesis 
E)  gases for the early atmosphere and water vapor necessary to form the first oceans 
A)  gases for the early atmosphere 
B)  oxygen for photosynthesis 
C)  water vapor necessary to form the first oceans 
D)  gases for the early atmosphere and oxygen for photosynthesis 
E)  gases for the early atmosphere and water vapor necessary to form the first oceans

Question 19

Many of the eukaryotic genes for information processing came from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an archaeal ancestor 
B)  horizontal gene transfer from a chloroplast 
C)  horizontal gene transfer from a mitochondrion 
D)  horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote 
E)  horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium 
A)  an archaeal ancestor 
B)  horizontal gene transfer from a chloroplast 
C)  horizontal gene transfer from a mitochondrion 
D)  horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote 
E)  horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium

Question 20

Scientists agree that life originated on Earth .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: The Origin of Life

Archaea genomes contain introns .

The hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from the phagocytic activity of prokaryotes that was not followed by digestion is called the ____.

Which feature of Archaea is shared with Bacteria but not with Eukarya?

The evolution of life on Earth was made possible by ____.

According to the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, ____ was likely absent or near absent in Earth's early atmosphere.

Stars provided ____ elements making up cells on Earth.

One line of evidence for endosymbiosis is that chloroplasts resemble ____.

The RNA world proposal suggests that the first information molecules were ____.

Evidence for the possible evolution of information storage from RNA to DNA is the fact that ____.

A characteristic of all modern, living cells is ____.

Natural sources of energy on the early Earth caused ____.

The first information storage molecule was probably ____.

Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of a gene from ____.

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, ____.

"Prebiotic soup" refers to ____.

Archaeans resemble bacteria by the ____, and resemble eukaryotes by the ____.

Aside from the traditional hypothesis that life on Earth developed via organic compounds produced in a reducing atmosphere, which alternative hypotheses is most likely?

Volcanic activity on early Earth was responsible for the release of ____.

Many of the eukaryotic genes for information processing came from ____.

Scientists agree that life originated on Earth .

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Archaeans resemble bacteria by the , and resemble eukaryotes by the .