Question 1

Except for the stop codons, the codons in the genetic code specify which of the ____ amino acids will be added to a growing polypeptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  64 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  3 
A)  5 
B)  64 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  3

Question 2

At the start of translation, the initiator tRNA pairs with the start codon at the ____ of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  A (aminoacyl) site 
B)  promoter 
C)  P (peptidyl) site 
D)  ribosomal binding site 
E)  E (exit) site 
A)  A (aminoacyl) site 
B)  promoter 
C)  P (peptidyl) site 
D)  ribosomal binding site 
E)  E (exit) site

Question 3

The reading frame for translation is established by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of the cap from the mRNA 
B)  pairing of the initiator tRNA with the start codon 
C)  the first base in the mRNA molecule 
D)  the ribosome binding site 
E)  the poly(
A)  tail 
A)  removal of the cap from the mRNA 
B)  pairing of the initiator tRNA with the start codon 
C)  the first base in the mRNA molecule 
D)  the ribosome binding site 
E)  the poly(
A)  tail

Question 4

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located ____ and is where ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in prokaryotes 
B)  just upstream of the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in eukaryotes 
C)  at the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in eukaryotes 
D)  on aminoacyl-tRNA; the large ribosomal subunit binds to tRNA in prokaryotes 
E)  just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in prokaryotes 
A)  at the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in prokaryotes 
B)  just upstream of the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in eukaryotes 
C)  at the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in eukaryotes 
D)  on aminoacyl-tRNA; the large ribosomal subunit binds to tRNA in prokaryotes 
E)  just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in prokaryotes

Question 5

The regions retained in finished mRNA transcripts after pre-mRNA processing are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spliceosomes 
B)  snRNPs 
C)  exons 
D)  domains 
E)  introns 
A)  spliceosomes 
B)  snRNPs 
C)  exons 
D)  domains 
E)  introns

Question 6

List two main differences between the processes of transcription and DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

Only one DNA strand is used as a templat

Question 7

Protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase I 
B)  RNA polymerase II 
C)  RNA polymerase III 
D)  either RNA polymerase I or III 
E)  either RNA polymerase II or III 
A)  RNA polymerase I 
B)  RNA polymerase II 
C)  RNA polymerase III 
D)  either RNA polymerase I or III 
E)  either RNA polymerase II or III

Question 8

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  both initiation and termination stages 
B)  both initiation and elongation stages 
C)  the termination stage 
D)  the initiation stage 
E)  the initiation, elongation, and termination stages 
A)  both initiation and termination stages 
B)  both initiation and elongation stages 
C)  the termination stage 
D)  the initiation stage 
E)  the initiation, elongation, and termination stages

Question 9

Pre-mRNA is found____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only in prokaryotes 
B)  in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotes 
C)  only in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes 
D)  in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
E)  only in the nucleus of eukaryotes 
A)  only in prokaryotes 
B)  in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotes 
C)  only in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes 
D)  in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
E)  only in the nucleus of eukaryotes

Question 10

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where the changed codon specifies a different amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense 
A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense

Question 11

In an mRNA transcript, the 3' UTR refers to the region of the mRNA that is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  upstream from the start codon 
B)  upstream from the site for initiation of transcription 
C)  downstream from the stop codon 
D)  the coding region 
E)  downstream from the site for termination of transcription 
A)  upstream from the start codon 
B)  upstream from the site for initiation of transcription 
C)  downstream from the stop codon 
D)  the coding region 
E)  downstream from the site for termination of transcription

Question 12

Describe the process of mRNA splicing.

Accepted Answer

First, snRNPs bind with sequences at the

Question 13

The central dogma describes the flow of information of gene expression as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ->RNA ->protein 
B)  RNA ->DNA 
C)  RNA ->DNA ->protein 
D)  protein ->DNA ->RNA 
E)  DNA ->protein ->RNA 
A)  DNA ->RNA ->protein 
B)  RNA ->DNA 
C)  RNA ->DNA ->protein 
D)  protein ->DNA ->RNA 
E)  DNA ->protein ->RNA

Question 14

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where a codon specifying an amino acid is changed to a stop codon.

Accepted Answer

A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense 
A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense

Question 15

Helper proteins that assist in protein folding are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  snRNPs 
B)  molecular chaperones 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  spliceosomes 
E)  polysomes 
A)  snRNPs 
B)  molecular chaperones 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  spliceosomes 
E)  polysomes

Question 16

Translation ends when a stop codon in the ____ site allows a ____ to bind there.

Accepted Answer

A)  P; release factor 
B)  A; terminator tRNA 
C)  E; terminator tRNA 
D)  A; release factor 
E)  P; terminator tRNA 
A)  P; release factor 
B)  A; terminator tRNA 
C)  E; terminator tRNA 
D)  A; release factor 
E)  P; terminator tRNA

Question 17

Pre-mRNA is modified on its 5' end by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  exon shuffling 
B)  the addition of a poly(
A)  tail 
C)  mRNA splicing 
D)  the addition of a guanine cap 
E)  aminoacylation 
A)  exon shuffling 
B)  the addition of a poly(
A)  tail 
C)  mRNA splicing 
D)  the addition of a guanine cap 
E)  aminoacylation

Question 18

Describe how exon shuffling could lead to the formation of novel proteins.

Accepted Answer

Exon-intron junctions often fall at poin

Question 19

Use the table above for questions 
-
Assume that an mRNA transcript is synthesized complementary to this DNA sequence:
3'-CTTACATGGCATCC-5'
See the provided genetic code table. If the start codon is considered the first codon, which amino acid is specified by the second codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  asparagine 
B)  tyrosine 
C)  arginine 
D)  proline 
E)  cysteine 
A)  asparagine 
B)  tyrosine 
C)  arginine 
D)  proline 
E)  cysteine

Question 20

With minor exceptions, the genetic code ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same for all living organisms and viruses 
B)  is specialized so that viruses use a different code from all living organisms 
C)  differs between different organisms and viruses 
D)  is the same for all viruses and for single-celled organisms, but is more complex in multicellular organisms 
E)  has three versions: one for viruses, one for single-celled organisms, and one for multicellular organisms 
A)  is the same for all living organisms and viruses 
B)  is specialized so that viruses use a different code from all living organisms 
C)  differs between different organisms and viruses 
D)  is the same for all viruses and for single-celled organisms, but is more complex in multicellular organisms 
E)  has three versions: one for viruses, one for single-celled organisms, and one for multicellular organisms

Exam 15: Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Except for the stop codons, the codons in the genetic code specify which of the ____ amino acids will be added to a growing polypeptide chain.

At the start of translation, the initiator tRNA pairs with the start codon at the ____ of the ribosome.

The reading frame for translation is established by ____.

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located ____ and is where ____.

The regions retained in finished mRNA transcripts after pre-mRNA processing are called ____.

List two main differences between the processes of transcription and DNA replication.

Protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by ____.

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription.

Pre-mRNA is found____.

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where the changed codon specifies a different amino acid.

In an mRNA transcript, the 3' UTR refers to the region of the mRNA that is ____.

Describe the process of mRNA splicing.

The central dogma describes the flow of information of gene expression as ____.

Substitution of one base pair for another in a coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where a codon specifying an amino acid is changed to a stop codon.

Helper proteins that assist in protein folding are called ____.

Translation ends when a stop codon in the ____ site allows a ____ to bind there.

Pre-mRNA is modified on its 5' end by ____.

Describe how exon shuffling could lead to the formation of novel proteins.

Use the table above for questions - Assume that an mRNA transcript is synthesized complementary to this DNA sequence: 3'-CTTACATGGCATCC-5' See the provided genetic code table. If the start codon is considered the first codon, which amino acid is specified by the second codon?

With minor exceptions, the genetic code ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located and is where .

Translation ends when a stop codon in the site allows a to bind there.