Exam 3: Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

We would expect to find fatty acids with ____ carbons in living organisms.

One important way in which RNA differs from DNA is that RNA is missing a key hydroxyl group on its sugar.

Which molecules are the most important for a cell to protect from damage if the cell is to stay alive and reproduce?

The complementary sequence to the DNA template 5'-ATACGCT-3' is 3'-TATGCGA-5'.

Structural isomers differ from each other ____.

HDL cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol. What role does HDL play in preventing coronary heart disease?

Figure 3.13 The two amino acids in the accompanying figure both have side chains ( R groups) that are ____.

When molecules are referred to as D- or L- (for example D-forms of sugars and L-forms of amino acids), the D- and L- designations refer to the specific ____.

Reactions that use the equivalent of a water molecule to break a molecule into smaller subunits are called ____ reactions.

The molecule in the accompanying figure is ____, and has ____.

Which functional group forms the highly reactive part of aldehydes and ketones?

In addition to serving as building blocks of DNA, what other function do nucleotides perform in a cell?

Triglycerides are used to coat skin, hair, and feathers of animals to keep them protected, lubricated, and pliable.

In many animals, this polysaccharide is found in large quantities in liver and muscle cells. It is highly branched, with many a(1-4) and a(1-6) linkages.

Hereditary information in all eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses is stored in ____.

Figure 3.6 The molecule in the accompanying figure is a(n) ____.

Which amino acid can be involved in special covalent "disulfide bridges" that, when present, help to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins?

Isomers are two or more molecules with ____ chemical formula and ____ molecular structures.

In his experiments, Anfinsen treated a protein with a chemical that broke disulfide bonds and then removed the chemical to see how this would affect the function of the molecule. What did he conclude from these experiments?

Waxy coatings, such as those found on skin, hair, and feathers of some animals and the cuticle of some plants, are commonly used by living organisms for protection against water loss and for lubrication. Such waxes are considered to be a type of ____.