Question 1

When a gene transcription occurs, which of the following is produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  more DNA 
B)  protein or polypeptide sequences 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  enzymes 
E)  genetic defects 
A)  more DNA 
B)  protein or polypeptide sequences 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  enzymes 
E)  genetic defects C

Question 2

In transcription,

Accepted Answer

A)  several amino acids are assembled by the messenger RNA molecules at one time. 
B)  a special sequence, called a promoter, is necessary for transcription to begin. 
C)  certain polypeptide sequences are governed by one ribosome, while other sequences are produced by other ribosomes. 
D)  the transfer RNA molecules arrange the messenger RNA codons into the appropriate sequence. 
E)  a special sequence, called an intron, is necessary for transcritpion to begin. 
A)  several amino acids are assembled by the messenger RNA molecules at one time. 
B)  a special sequence, called a promoter, is necessary for transcription to begin. 
C)  certain polypeptide sequences are governed by one ribosome, while other sequences are produced by other ribosomes. 
D)  the transfer RNA molecules arrange the messenger RNA codons into the appropriate sequence. 
E)  a special sequence, called an intron, is necessary for transcritpion to begin. B

Question 3

Which substances speed up or halt transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerases 
B)  DNA polymerases 
C)  introns 
D)  regulatory proteins 
E)  exons 
A)  RNA polymerases 
B)  DNA polymerases 
C)  introns 
D)  regulatory proteins 
E)  exons D

Question 4

The building blocks of nucleic acids are

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  pentose sugars. 
D)  phosphate groups. 
E)  nitrogenous bases. 
A)  amino acids. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  pentose sugars. 
D)  phosphate groups. 
E)  nitrogenous bases.

Question 5

The "natural" use of restriction enzymes by bacteria is to

Accepted Answer

A)  integrate viral DNA. 
B)  cut apart short sequences of bases in DNA. 
C)  repair "sticky ends." 
D)  copy the bacterial genes. 
E)  clone DNA. 
A)  integrate viral DNA. 
B)  cut apart short sequences of bases in DNA. 
C)  repair "sticky ends." 
D)  copy the bacterial genes. 
E)  clone DNA.

Question 6

Germline engineering would

Accepted Answer

A)  alter a cloned embryo's genetic makeup. 
B)  replace defective genes. 
C)  insert missing genes. 
D)  modify damaged genes. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  alter a cloned embryo's genetic makeup. 
B)  replace defective genes. 
C)  insert missing genes. 
D)  modify damaged genes. 
E)  all of these.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: This nucleotide base pairs with cytosine.
This nucleotide is not incorporated into the structure of the DNA helix.
Two hydrogen bonds connect adenine to ____ in the DNA molecule.
This base in DNA would pair up with uracil in transcription.
Early data indicated that within a species the amount of adenine was always equal to the amount of this nucleotide.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of uracil and adenine and cytosine and cytosine. is...

Question 8

If the DNA triplets were ATG - CGT, the mRNA codons would be

Accepted Answer

A)  AUG - CGU. 
B)  ATG - CGT. 
C)  UAC - GCA. 
D)  UAG - CGU. 
E)  CGT-ATG. 
A)  AUG - CGU. 
B)  ATG - CGT. 
C)  UAC - GCA. 
D)  UAG - CGU. 
E)  CGT-ATG.

Question 9

Bioengineered hamster ovaries produce blood-clotting factor VIII for human use. This method is better than obtaining the factor from human blood because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is cheaper. 
B)  it is more natural. 
C)  there is no risk of transmitting blood-borne diseases. 
D)  larger quantities are produced. 
E)  it is faster. 
A)  it is cheaper. 
B)  it is more natural. 
C)  there is no risk of transmitting blood-borne diseases. 
D)  larger quantities are produced. 
E)  it is faster.

Question 10

Biochemically , a gene is BEST defined as a

Accepted Answer

A)  unit of heredity. 
B)  part of a chromosome. 
C)  region of DNA that codes for protein assembly. 
D)  portion of the nuclear chromatin. 
E)  part of the material located in the nucleus. 
A)  unit of heredity. 
B)  part of a chromosome. 
C)  region of DNA that codes for protein assembly. 
D)  portion of the nuclear chromatin. 
E)  part of the material located in the nucleus.

Question 11

Genetically-engineered organisms that carry some foreign genes are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  mutated. 
B)  restricted. 
C)  transgenic. 
D)  cloned. 
E)  replicated. 
A)  mutated. 
B)  restricted. 
C)  transgenic. 
D)  cloned. 
E)  replicated.

Question 12

In transcription,

Accepted Answer

A)  several RNA molecules are made from the same DNA molecule. 
B)  promoters are needed so that RNA polymerase can bind to DNA. 
C)  DNA passes its information to messenger RNA. 
D)  a specific enzyme called RNA polymerase is required. 
E)  all of these 
A)  several RNA molecules are made from the same DNA molecule. 
B)  promoters are needed so that RNA polymerase can bind to DNA. 
C)  DNA passes its information to messenger RNA. 
D)  a specific enzyme called RNA polymerase is required. 
E)  all of these

Question 13

Replication of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  produces RNA molecules. 
B)  produces only new DNA. 
C)  produces two molecules, each of which is half-new and half-old DNA joined lengthwise to each other. 
D)  generates excessive DNA, which eventually causes the nucleus to divide. 
E)  is too complex to characterize. 
A)  produces RNA molecules. 
B)  produces only new DNA. 
C)  produces two molecules, each of which is half-new and half-old DNA joined lengthwise to each other. 
D)  generates excessive DNA, which eventually causes the nucleus to divide. 
E)  is too complex to characterize.

Question 14

All mRNA transcripts begin with

Accepted Answer

A)  methionine. 
B)  a ribosome. 
C)  AUG. 
D)  the P site. 
E)  an anticodon. 
A)  methionine. 
B)  a ribosome. 
C)  AUG. 
D)  the P site. 
E)  an anticodon.

Question 15

So far, gene therapy has been most successful in treating

Accepted Answer

A)  malignant melanoma. 
B)  leukemia. 
C)  brain cancer. 
D)  ovarian cancer. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  malignant melanoma. 
B)  leukemia. 
C)  brain cancer. 
D)  ovarian cancer. 
E)  all of these.

Question 16

Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disorder are examples of what type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  frameshift 
B)  base-substitution 
C)  expansion 
D)  transposable element 
E)  point 
A)  frameshift 
B)  base-substitution 
C)  expansion 
D)  transposable element 
E)  point

Question 17

In step "c" which bonding is the only one that is possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  A with C 
B)  G with C 
C)  C with T 
D)  T with G 
E)  A with G 
A)  A with C 
B)  G with C 
C)  C with T 
D)  T with G 
E)  A with G

Question 18

In the pairing of two nucleotides within the double helix,

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds are used. 
B)  adenine and thymine bind together. 
C)  cytosine binds with guanine. 
D)  there are three bonds between G and C. 
E)  all of these 
A)  hydrogen bonds are used. 
B)  adenine and thymine bind together. 
C)  cytosine binds with guanine. 
D)  there are three bonds between G and C. 
E)  all of these

Question 19

Each "word" in the mRNA code consists of how many letters?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  more than 5 
E)  0 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  more than 5 
E)  0

Question 20

DNA fingerprinting utilizes

Accepted Answer

A)  SNPs. 
B)  lipoplexes. 
C)  prions. 
D)  tandem repeats. 
E)  "suicide tags." 
A)  SNPs. 
B)  lipoplexes. 
C)  prions. 
D)  tandem repeats. 
E)  "suicide tags."

Exam 21: DNA, Genes, and Biotechnology

When a gene transcription occurs, which of the following is produced?

In transcription,

Which substances speed up or halt transcription?

The building blocks of nucleic acids are

The "natural" use of restriction enzymes by bacteria is to

Germline engineering would

If the DNA triplets were ATG - CGT, the mRNA codons would be

Bioengineered hamster ovaries produce blood-clotting factor VIII for human use. This method is better than obtaining the factor from human blood because

Biochemically , a gene is BEST defined as a

Genetically-engineered organisms that carry some foreign genes are said to be

In transcription,

Replication of DNA

All mRNA transcripts begin with

So far, gene therapy has been most successful in treating

Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disorder are examples of what type of mutation?

In step "c" which bonding is the only one that is possible?

In the pairing of two nucleotides within the double helix,

Each "word" in the mRNA code consists of how many letters?

DNA fingerprinting utilizes

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