Question 1

Match the definition with the term.
-strong AI

Accepted Answer

A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors 
A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors

Question 2

Match the definition with the term.
-heuristics

Accepted Answer

A) a technique for problem solving that limits the search space by relying on best guesses and shortcuts 
B) in general usage,the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding,and in modern psychology the processing of information between input and output 
C) proposed as a new central concept in the analysis of thinking and reasoning,based on the idea that problem solving typically begins with a first test,comparing the present situation with the desired outcome,followed by an operation to reduce the difference,and then another test 
D) simple switches that may be in either "on" or "off" states 
E) the amount of information that can be conveyed by the open or closed status of a single binary switch (one or zero) 
A) a technique for problem solving that limits the search space by relying on best guesses and shortcuts 
B) in general usage,the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding,and in modern psychology the processing of information between input and output 
C) proposed as a new central concept in the analysis of thinking and reasoning,based on the idea that problem solving typically begins with a first test,comparing the present situation with the desired outcome,followed by an operation to reduce the difference,and then another test 
D) simple switches that may be in either "on" or "off" states 
E) the amount of information that can be conveyed by the open or closed status of a single binary switch (one or zero)

Question 3

Match the definition with the term.
-Turing test

Accepted Answer

A) a field based on the idea that any communication of signal can be analyzed in terms of a fundamental unit called the bit 
B) a heuristic technique to limited search options,in which the most desirable end state for a problem is regularly compared to its actual current state and the distance (difference)between the two is analyzed and measured 
C) a test to assess the "intelligence" of a machine according to its ability to perform some complex task requiring genuinely intelligent behavior,in a manner outwardly indistinguishable from that of a person 
D) a thought experiment comparing a native speaker of a language with one who responds perfectly but "mechanically" with the aid of a complete book of rules the latter,like a computer,would not demonstrate "strong" artificial intelligence 
E) the notion that computers can only follow predetermined and precisely defined rules and are not capable of genuine creativity; commonly expressed today as "computers can only do what they have been programmed to do" 
A) a field based on the idea that any communication of signal can be analyzed in terms of a fundamental unit called the bit 
B) a heuristic technique to limited search options,in which the most desirable end state for a problem is regularly compared to its actual current state and the distance (difference)between the two is analyzed and measured 
C) a test to assess the "intelligence" of a machine according to its ability to perform some complex task requiring genuinely intelligent behavior,in a manner outwardly indistinguishable from that of a person 
D) a thought experiment comparing a native speaker of a language with one who responds perfectly but "mechanically" with the aid of a complete book of rules the latter,like a computer,would not demonstrate "strong" artificial intelligence 
E) the notion that computers can only follow predetermined and precisely defined rules and are not capable of genuine creativity; commonly expressed today as "computers can only do what they have been programmed to do"

Question 4

Match the definition with the term.
-Logic Theorist (LT)

Accepted Answer

A) a calculating machine that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a hypothetical architecturally simple "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
D) an AI program that uses heuristics intended to be capable of solving a broad range of types of problems 
E) planned but never-finished "universal machine," capable of performing virtually any type of calculation; prototype for what today we call a programmable computer 
A) a calculating machine that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a hypothetical architecturally simple "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
D) an AI program that uses heuristics intended to be capable of solving a broad range of types of problems 
E) planned but never-finished "universal machine," capable of performing virtually any type of calculation; prototype for what today we call a programmable computer

Question 5

Match the invention with its creator(s).
-Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

Accepted Answer

A) a calculating machine constructed with great difficulty that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a computer program capable of responding to different written letters or Morse code symbols via subroutines called "demons" that worked independently on separate aspects of the problem but all at the same time,and with successful combinations of activity being recorded in the computer's memory 
D) a hypothetical "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
E) an early calculator consisting of a row of ten-toothed cogwheels,arranged so that each complete revolution of the wheel on the right produced a rotation of one tooth in the wheel to its left 
A) a calculating machine constructed with great difficulty that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a computer program capable of responding to different written letters or Morse code symbols via subroutines called "demons" that worked independently on separate aspects of the problem but all at the same time,and with successful combinations of activity being recorded in the computer's memory 
D) a hypothetical "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
E) an early calculator consisting of a row of ten-toothed cogwheels,arranged so that each complete revolution of the wheel on the right produced a rotation of one tooth in the wheel to its left

Question 6

Match the definition with the term.
-cognition

Accepted Answer

A) a technique for problem solving that limits the search space by relying on best guesses and shortcuts 
B) in general usage,the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding,and in modern psychology the processing of information between input and output 
C) proposed as a new central concept in the analysis of thinking and reasoning,based on the idea that problem solving typically begins with a first test,comparing the present situation with the desired outcome,followed by an operation to reduce the difference,and then another test 
D) simple switches that may be in either "on" or "off" states 
E) the amount of information that can be conveyed by the open or closed status of a single binary switch (one or zero) 
A) a technique for problem solving that limits the search space by relying on best guesses and shortcuts 
B) in general usage,the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding,and in modern psychology the processing of information between input and output 
C) proposed as a new central concept in the analysis of thinking and reasoning,based on the idea that problem solving typically begins with a first test,comparing the present situation with the desired outcome,followed by an operation to reduce the difference,and then another test 
D) simple switches that may be in either "on" or "off" states 
E) the amount of information that can be conveyed by the open or closed status of a single binary switch (one or zero)

Question 7

Match the definition with the term.
-serialist (symbolic)processing

Accepted Answer

A) a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations 
B) a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response 
C) a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate)image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred 
D) computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations 
E) emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perception 
A) a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations 
B) a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response 
C) a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate)image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred 
D) computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations 
E) emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perception

Question 8

Match the definition with the term.
-improbabilist creativity

Accepted Answer

A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors 
A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors

Question 9

Match the invention with its creator(s).
-Alan Turing

Accepted Answer

A) a calculating machine constructed with great difficulty that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a computer program capable of responding to different written letters or Morse code symbols via subroutines called "demons" that worked independently on separate aspects of the problem but all at the same time,and with successful combinations of activity being recorded in the computer's memory 
D) a hypothetical "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
E) an early calculator consisting of a row of ten-toothed cogwheels,arranged so that each complete revolution of the wheel on the right produced a rotation of one tooth in the wheel to its left 
A) a calculating machine constructed with great difficulty that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a computer program capable of responding to different written letters or Morse code symbols via subroutines called "demons" that worked independently on separate aspects of the problem but all at the same time,and with successful combinations of activity being recorded in the computer's memory 
D) a hypothetical "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
E) an early calculator consisting of a row of ten-toothed cogwheels,arranged so that each complete revolution of the wheel on the right produced a rotation of one tooth in the wheel to its left

Question 10

What was the "new look" in perception?

Accepted Answer

The "new look" in perception was the ter

Question 11

Modern information theory was initiated by __________,with the concept of the __________ as its most basic unit.

Accepted Answer

A)  Noam Chomsky; grammatical sentence 
B)  George Miller; phoneme 
C)  Alan Turing; word 
D)  Claude Shannon; bit 
A)  Noam Chomsky; grammatical sentence 
B)  George Miller; phoneme 
C)  Alan Turing; word 
D)  Claude Shannon; bit

Question 12

George Boole's development of an expanded form of calculation known as "Boolean algebra" was a major step in the new discipline known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical geometry 
B)  artificial intelligence 
C)  programmed instruction 
D)  symbolic logic 
A)  analytical geometry 
B)  artificial intelligence 
C)  programmed instruction 
D)  symbolic logic

Question 13

What was the Logic Theorist (LT)program introduced by Newell and Simon in 1956 able to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  compose melodies in the style of Mozart 
B)  construct proofs for central theorems in symbolic logic 
C)  perfectly simulate the operations of Babbage's analytical engine 
D)  defeat average-level chess players 
A)  compose melodies in the style of Mozart 
B)  construct proofs for central theorems in symbolic logic 
C)  perfectly simulate the operations of Babbage's analytical engine 
D)  defeat average-level chess players

Question 14

By the middle of the seventeenth century,all of the following developments had occurred that would later coalesce to create a major current in the modern field of artificial intelligence EXCEPT for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to perform mathematical calculations using fixed rules 
B)  the ability to convert the difference machine into the analytical engine 
C)  the ability to perform some calculations mechanically 
D)  the recognition that mathematical calculation processes resembled human rational thought in general 
A)  the ability to perform mathematical calculations using fixed rules 
B)  the ability to convert the difference machine into the analytical engine 
C)  the ability to perform some calculations mechanically 
D)  the recognition that mathematical calculation processes resembled human rational thought in general

Question 15

After working on an artificial intelligence project with Oliver Selfridge,Neisser came to which of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  computer-based concepts are useful in understanding human mental processes but are less flexible and less driven by interacting motives 
B)  computer-based concepts are identical in almost all fundamental ways with those that explain human thinking 
C)  computer processes and human mental processes are completely and fundamentally different 
D)  computer programs could never demonstrate learning as it occurs in human subjects 
A)  computer-based concepts are useful in understanding human mental processes but are less flexible and less driven by interacting motives 
B)  computer-based concepts are identical in almost all fundamental ways with those that explain human thinking 
C)  computer processes and human mental processes are completely and fundamentally different 
D)  computer programs could never demonstrate learning as it occurs in human subjects

Question 16

Ulric Neisser's interest in cognitive psychology was stimulated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a childhood event that forced him to question the accuracy of his own memory 
B)  his fascination with the Turing Test 
C)  his conviction that computer processes would eventually be able to completely reproduce most human cognitive processes 
D)  his interest in the development of language in children 
A)  a childhood event that forced him to question the accuracy of his own memory 
B)  his fascination with the Turing Test 
C)  his conviction that computer processes would eventually be able to completely reproduce most human cognitive processes 
D)  his interest in the development of language in children

Match the definition with the term. -strong AI

Match the definition with the term. -heuristics

Match the definition with the term. -Turing test

Match the definition with the term. -Logic Theorist (LT)

Match the invention with its creator(s). -Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

Match the definition with the term. -cognition

Match the definition with the term. -serialist (symbolic)processing

Match the definition with the term. -improbabilist creativity

Match the invention with its creator(s). -Alan Turing

What was the "new look" in perception?

Modern information theory was initiated by ,with the concept of the as its most basic unit.

George Boole's development of an expanded form of calculation known as "Boolean algebra" was a major step in the new discipline known as __________.

What was the Logic Theorist (LT)program introduced by Newell and Simon in 1956 able to do?

By the middle of the seventeenth century,all of the following developments had occurred that would later coalesce to create a major current in the modern field of artificial intelligence EXCEPT for which of the following?

After working on an artificial intelligence project with Oliver Selfridge,Neisser came to which of the following conclusions?

Ulric Neisser's interest in cognitive psychology was stimulated by which of the following?

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 15: Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Match the definition with the term. -strong AI

Match the definition with the term. -heuristics

Match the definition with the term. -Turing test

Match the definition with the term. -Logic Theorist (LT)

Match the invention with its creator(s). -Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

Match the definition with the term. -cognition

Match the definition with the term. -serialist (symbolic)processing

Match the definition with the term. -improbabilist creativity

Match the invention with its creator(s). -Alan Turing

What was the "new look" in perception?

Modern information theory was initiated by __________,with the concept of the __________ as its most basic unit.

George Boole's development of an expanded form of calculation known as "Boolean algebra" was a major step in the new discipline known as __________.

What was the Logic Theorist (LT)program introduced by Newell and Simon in 1956 able to do?

By the middle of the seventeenth century,all of the following developments had occurred that would later coalesce to create a major current in the modern field of artificial intelligence EXCEPT for which of the following?

After working on an artificial intelligence project with Oliver Selfridge,Neisser came to which of the following conclusions?

Ulric Neisser's interest in cognitive psychology was stimulated by which of the following?

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Modern information theory was initiated by ,with the concept of the as its most basic unit.