Question 1

Match the definition with the term.
-Chinese room

Accepted Answer

A) a field based on the idea that any communication of signal can be analyzed in terms of a fundamental unit called the bit 
B) a heuristic technique to limited search options,in which the most desirable end state for a problem is regularly compared to its actual current state and the distance (difference)between the two is analyzed and measured 
C) a test to assess the "intelligence" of a machine according to its ability to perform some complex task requiring genuinely intelligent behavior,in a manner outwardly indistinguishable from that of a person 
D) a thought experiment comparing a native speaker of a language with one who responds perfectly but "mechanically" with the aid of a complete book of rules the latter,like a computer,would not demonstrate "strong" artificial intelligence 
E) the notion that computers can only follow predetermined and precisely defined rules and are not capable of genuine creativity; commonly expressed today as "computers can only do what they have been programmed to do" 
A) a field based on the idea that any communication of signal can be analyzed in terms of a fundamental unit called the bit 
B) a heuristic technique to limited search options,in which the most desirable end state for a problem is regularly compared to its actual current state and the distance (difference)between the two is analyzed and measured 
C) a test to assess the "intelligence" of a machine according to its ability to perform some complex task requiring genuinely intelligent behavior,in a manner outwardly indistinguishable from that of a person 
D) a thought experiment comparing a native speaker of a language with one who responds perfectly but "mechanically" with the aid of a complete book of rules the latter,like a computer,would not demonstrate "strong" artificial intelligence 
E) the notion that computers can only follow predetermined and precisely defined rules and are not capable of genuine creativity; commonly expressed today as "computers can only do what they have been programmed to do"

Question 2

Who among the following was NOT one of the leaders in establishing a new cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s?

Accepted Answer

A)  George Miller 
B)  Jerome Bruner 
C)  Ulric Neisser 
D)  Alan Turing 
A)  George Miller 
B)  Jerome Bruner 
C)  Ulric Neisser 
D)  Alan Turing

Question 3

Match the publication with the author.
-Noam Chomsky

Accepted Answer

A) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" 
B) Cognitive Psychology 
C) Plans and the Structure of Behavior 
D) Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology 
E) The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory 
A) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" 
B) Cognitive Psychology 
C) Plans and the Structure of Behavior 
D) Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology 
E) The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory

Question 4

Following their promotion of the TOTE unit as an important psychological concept,Miller,Galanter,and Pribram referred to themselves ironically as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  introspective psychologists 
B)  subjective behaviorists 
C)  cognitive scientists 
D)  Gestalt psychologists 
A)  introspective psychologists 
B)  subjective behaviorists 
C)  cognitive scientists 
D)  Gestalt psychologists

Question 5

Match the definition with the term.
-Boolean algebra

Accepted Answer

A) a discipline that includes traditional mathematics as just one of many possible forms of systematic symbol manipulation 
B) a system integrating logical calculation with classical mathematics 
C) the representation of all numbers by just ones and zeroes 
A) a discipline that includes traditional mathematics as just one of many possible forms of systematic symbol manipulation 
B) a system integrating logical calculation with classical mathematics 
C) the representation of all numbers by just ones and zeroes

Question 6

Match the definition with the term.
-symbolic logic

Accepted Answer

A) a discipline that includes traditional mathematics as just one of many possible forms of systematic symbol manipulation 
B) a system integrating logical calculation with classical mathematics 
C) the representation of all numbers by just ones and zeroes 
A) a discipline that includes traditional mathematics as just one of many possible forms of systematic symbol manipulation 
B) a system integrating logical calculation with classical mathematics 
C) the representation of all numbers by just ones and zeroes

Question 7

Match the definition with the term.
-cognitive psychology

Accepted Answer

A) a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations 
B) a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response 
C) a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate)image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred 
D) computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations 
E) emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perception 
A) a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations 
B) a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response 
C) a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate)image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred 
D) computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations 
E) emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perception

Question 8

Match the definition with the term.
-artificial intelligence (AI)

Accepted Answer

A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors 
A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors

Question 9

Match the publication with the author.
-Claude Shannon

Accepted Answer

A) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" 
B) Cognitive Psychology 
C) Plans and the Structure of Behavior 
D) Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology 
E) The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory 
A) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" 
B) Cognitive Psychology 
C) Plans and the Structure of Behavior 
D) Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology 
E) The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory

Question 10

Match the idea with its originator.
-George A.Miller

Accepted Answer

A) Chinese room thought experiment 
B) flashbulb memory 
C) magical number seven,plus or minus two 
D) "new look" in perception 
A) Chinese room thought experiment 
B) flashbulb memory 
C) magical number seven,plus or minus two 
D) "new look" in perception

Question 11

Match the idea with its originator.
-John Searle

Accepted Answer

A) Chinese room thought experiment 
B) flashbulb memory 
C) magical number seven,plus or minus two 
D) "new look" in perception 
A) Chinese room thought experiment 
B) flashbulb memory 
C) magical number seven,plus or minus two 
D) "new look" in perception

Question 12

Match the definition with the term.
-flashbulb memory

Accepted Answer

A) a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations 
B) a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response 
C) a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate)image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred 
D) computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations 
E) emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perception 
A) a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations 
B) a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response 
C) a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate)image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred 
D) computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations 
E) emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perception

Question 13

Match the idea with its originator.
-Ulric Neisser

Accepted Answer

A) Chinese room thought experiment 
B) flashbulb memory 
C) magical number seven,plus or minus two 
D) "new look" in perception 
A) Chinese room thought experiment 
B) flashbulb memory 
C) magical number seven,plus or minus two 
D) "new look" in perception

Question 14

Jerome Bruner and his students became well known for a group of studies referred to as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  the new look in perception 
B)  cognitive neuroscience 
C)  evolutionary psychology 
D)  psychobiology 
A)  the new look in perception 
B)  cognitive neuroscience 
C)  evolutionary psychology 
D)  psychobiology

Question 15

What was "Pandemonium"?

Accepted Answer

A)  an early computer program that used connectionist processing to "learn" how to perform pattern recognition of letters 
B)  the annoying computer "noise" that occurred when too much information was being processed at one time 
C)  an early computer program developed by health researchers to analyze information about pandemics 
D)  a computer program that simulated the operations of a Turing machine 
A)  an early computer program that used connectionist processing to "learn" how to perform pattern recognition of letters 
B)  the annoying computer "noise" that occurred when too much information was being processed at one time 
C)  an early computer program developed by health researchers to analyze information about pandemics 
D)  a computer program that simulated the operations of a Turing machine

Question 16

Match the definition with the term.
-analytical engine

Accepted Answer

A) a calculating machine that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a hypothetical architecturally simple "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
D) an AI program that uses heuristics intended to be capable of solving a broad range of types of problems 
E) planned but never-finished "universal machine," capable of performing virtually any type of calculation; prototype for what today we call a programmable computer 
A) a calculating machine that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers 
B) a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic 
C) a hypothetical architecturally simple "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules 
D) an AI program that uses heuristics intended to be capable of solving a broad range of types of problems 
E) planned but never-finished "universal machine," capable of performing virtually any type of calculation; prototype for what today we call a programmable computer

Question 17

Match the definition with the term.
-weak AI

Accepted Answer

A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors 
A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors

Question 18

A "shortcut" strategy to limit the search space in solving a complicated computational problem is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  a heuristic. 
C)  a TOTE unit. 
D)  a syllogism. 
A)  an algorithm. 
B)  a heuristic. 
C)  a TOTE unit. 
D)  a syllogism.

Question 19

Match the definition with the term.
-impossibilist creativity

Accepted Answer

A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors 
A) involves changing the pre-set rules,effecting a "transformation of conceptual space" 
B) involves putting already familiar ideas or components together in new and useful or interesting combinations,according to rules that have already been established 
C) notion that computer processes might resemble and may serve as models for certain aspects of human thinking,but without accompanying attributes of a human mind,such as intentionality and subjective consciousness 
D) the ability of computer responses to be indistinguishable in all respects from those of intelligent humans 
E) the capacity of a mechanical device to perform operations that replicate or imitate human thought processes and other intellectual behaviors

Question 20

How did Ulric Neisser come to characterize his personal role in the establishment of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  as the father of a new discipline thanks to a single revolutionary insight 
B)  as not so much a "revolutionary" figure as a "counter-revolutionary" 
C)  as not the father but the godfather who gave the new field its name 
D)  as a mere bystander who came to be associated with the field by chance 
A)  as the father of a new discipline thanks to a single revolutionary insight 
B)  as not so much a "revolutionary" figure as a "counter-revolutionary" 
C)  as not the father but the godfather who gave the new field its name 
D)  as a mere bystander who came to be associated with the field by chance

Match the definition with the term. -Chinese room

Who among the following was NOT one of the leaders in establishing a new cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s?

Match the publication with the author. -Noam Chomsky

Following their promotion of the TOTE unit as an important psychological concept,Miller,Galanter,and Pribram referred to themselves ironically as which of the following?

Match the definition with the term. -Boolean algebra

Match the definition with the term. -symbolic logic

Match the definition with the term. -cognitive psychology

Match the definition with the term. -artificial intelligence (AI)

Match the publication with the author. -Claude Shannon

Match the idea with its originator. -George A.Miller

Match the idea with its originator. -John Searle

Match the definition with the term. -flashbulb memory

Match the idea with its originator. -Ulric Neisser

Jerome Bruner and his students became well known for a group of studies referred to as what?

What was "Pandemonium"?

Match the definition with the term. -analytical engine

Match the definition with the term. -weak AI

A "shortcut" strategy to limit the search space in solving a complicated computational problem is referred to as __________.

Match the definition with the term. -impossibilist creativity

How did Ulric Neisser come to characterize his personal role in the establishment of cognitive psychology?

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 15: Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Match the definition with the term. -Chinese room

Who among the following was NOT one of the leaders in establishing a new cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s?

Match the publication with the author. -Noam Chomsky

Following their promotion of the TOTE unit as an important psychological concept,Miller,Galanter,and Pribram referred to themselves ironically as which of the following?

Match the definition with the term. -Boolean algebra

Match the definition with the term. -symbolic logic

Match the definition with the term. -cognitive psychology

Match the definition with the term. -artificial intelligence (AI)

Match the publication with the author. -Claude Shannon

Match the idea with its originator. -George A.Miller

Match the idea with its originator. -John Searle

Match the definition with the term. -flashbulb memory

Match the idea with its originator. -Ulric Neisser

Jerome Bruner and his students became well known for a group of studies referred to as what?

What was "Pandemonium"?

Match the definition with the term. -analytical engine

Match the definition with the term. -weak AI

A "shortcut" strategy to limit the search space in solving a complicated computational problem is referred to as __________.

Match the definition with the term. -impossibilist creativity

How did Ulric Neisser come to characterize his personal role in the establishment of cognitive psychology?

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters