Question 1

The elements hydrogen and helium were made during the first few minutes after the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Most of the elements heavier than helium were made during the first few minutes after the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The ____________________ is that the universe is both isotropic and homogeneous.

Accepted Answer

cosmologic

Question 4

Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created

Accepted Answer

A)  in the planets. 
B)  inside the stars. 
C)  in the sun. 
D)  in the big bang. 
E)  in neutron stars. 
A)  in the planets. 
B)  inside the stars. 
C)  in the sun. 
D)  in the big bang. 
E)  in neutron stars.

Question 5

Possible equations (choose the correct one): $ \tau $=1012/H; H=v/d. If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

Accepted Answer

A)  8.9 billion years. 
B)  13 billion years. 
C)  16.6 billion years. 
D)  26 billion years. 
E)  74 billion years. 
A)  8.9 billion years. 
B)  13 billion years. 
C)  16.6 billion years. 
D)  26 billion years. 
E)  74 billion years.

Question 6

The inflationary theory of the universe may explain why the background radiation is so isotropic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If a galaxy is located at a distance of 18 Mpc and is found to have recessional velocity of 1170 km/s, what is Hubble's constant based only on this galaxy?

Accepted Answer

A)  65 km/s 
B)  75 km/s 
C)  55 km/s 
D)  85 km/s 
E)  95 km/s 
A)  65 km/s 
B)  75 km/s 
C)  55 km/s 
D)  85 km/s 
E)  95 km/s

Question 8

The redshifts of the galaxies imply that the universe is expanding and that we are at the center.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

If the average density of the universe is less than the critical density, the universe is open.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How is Olbers's paradox explained?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is Olbers's paradox explained?...

Question 11

What observation has prompted astronomers to ponder the possible existence of dark energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery of quasars 
B)  discovery of superclusters 
C)  supernovae appear fainter than expected at large redshifts 
D)  uniform nature of the cosmic microwave background (CM
B)  
A)  discovery of quasars 
B)  discovery of superclusters 
C)  supernovae appear fainter than expected at large redshifts 
D)  uniform nature of the cosmic microwave background (CM
B)

Question 12

Why is the cosmic microwave background (CMB) so cold if the early universe was so hot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enough time has passed for matter in the universe to release enough heat to cool down. 
B)  The CMB constantly interacts with atoms, which effectively cool down the photons. 
C)  The expansion of the universe has redshifted those photons to an effectively cooler temperature. 
D)  Misleading; The Big Bang was initially hot but the CMB was released from cold material much later on. 
A)  Enough time has passed for matter in the universe to release enough heat to cool down. 
B)  The CMB constantly interacts with atoms, which effectively cool down the photons. 
C)  The expansion of the universe has redshifted those photons to an effectively cooler temperature. 
D)  Misleading; The Big Bang was initially hot but the CMB was released from cold material much later on.

Question 13

Astronomers have found the center of the universe to be located in

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth 
B)  the sun 
C)  Sagittarius A 
D)  the Virgo Cluster of galaxies 
E)  No center is thought to exist. 
A)  Earth 
B)  the sun 
C)  Sagittarius A 
D)  the Virgo Cluster of galaxies 
E)  No center is thought to exist.

Question 14

The Hubble time is

Accepted Answer

A)  the time it takes a galaxy moving at 1000 km/s to move 1 Mpc. 
B)  the time it takes the galaxy to double its size. 
C)  the time since recombination occurred. 
D)  the time remaining before the universe stops expanding and begins to contract. 
E)  an estimate of the age of the universe based on the Hubble constant. 
A)  the time it takes a galaxy moving at 1000 km/s to move 1 Mpc. 
B)  the time it takes the galaxy to double its size. 
C)  the time since recombination occurred. 
D)  the time remaining before the universe stops expanding and begins to contract. 
E)  an estimate of the age of the universe based on the Hubble constant.

Question 15

In the late 1990's, it was discovered from distances of ______in distant galaxies that the expansion of the universe is ___________

Accepted Answer

A)  Cepheid variables; accelerating 
B)  Cepheid variables; decelerating 
C)  supernovae; accelerating 
D)  supernovae; decelerating 
A)  Cepheid variables; accelerating 
B)  Cepheid variables; decelerating 
C)  supernovae; accelerating 
D)  supernovae; decelerating

Question 16

Evidence for a very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe is that the 3-K radiation from opposite sides of the sky (180 degrees about 28 billion light years apart) is of nearly ________ intensity. Time for light to travel this distance is ________ the age of the universe in years.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal; greater than 
B)  unequal; greater than 
C)  equal; less than 
D)  unequal; less than 
A)  equal; greater than 
B)  unequal; greater than 
C)  equal; less than 
D)  unequal; less than

Question 17

Observations of type Ia supernovae reveal that the expansion of the universe is speeding up because of the presence of ____________________ in empty space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Observations of type Ia supernovae reveal that...

Question 18

One explanation of the dark sky Olbers's Paradox is that light can reach us only from objects in space out to a distance in light years _______ the age of the universe in years.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 
B)  greater than 
C)  equal to 
D)  less than or equal to 
E)  greater than or equal to 
A)  less than 
B)  greater than 
C)  equal to 
D)  less than or equal to 
E)  greater than or equal to

Question 19

During the first moments of the big bang when elements could be created, nuclear fusion reactions made few heavy elements because

Accepted Answer

A)  all heavy nuclei are unstable. 
B)  no stable nuclei exist with masses of 5 or 8 hydrogen masses. 
C)  the helium nucleus is unstable. 
D)  the temperature and density were too low. 
E)  no nuclei heavier than helium could form since there weren't any electrons formed. 
A)  all heavy nuclei are unstable. 
B)  no stable nuclei exist with masses of 5 or 8 hydrogen masses. 
C)  the helium nucleus is unstable. 
D)  the temperature and density were too low. 
E)  no nuclei heavier than helium could form since there weren't any electrons formed.

Question 20

Why is the primordial background radiation visible in all directions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is the primordial background radiation visible...

The elements hydrogen and helium were made during the first few minutes after the big bang.

Most of the elements heavier than helium were made during the first few minutes after the big bang.

The ____________________ is that the universe is both isotropic and homogeneous.

Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created

Possible equations (choose the correct one): $\tau$ =10¹²/H; H=v/d. If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

The inflationary theory of the universe may explain why the background radiation is so isotropic.

If a galaxy is located at a distance of 18 Mpc and is found to have recessional velocity of 1170 km/s, what is Hubble's constant based only on this galaxy?

The redshifts of the galaxies imply that the universe is expanding and that we are at the center.

If the average density of the universe is less than the critical density, the universe is open.

How is Olbers's paradox explained?

What observation has prompted astronomers to ponder the possible existence of dark energy?

Why is the cosmic microwave background (CMB) so cold if the early universe was so hot?

Astronomers have found the center of the universe to be located in

The Hubble time is

In the late 1990's, it was discovered from distances of in distant galaxies that the expansion of the universe is _____

Evidence for a very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe is that the 3-K radiation from opposite sides of the sky (180 degrees about 28 billion light years apart) is of nearly intensity. Time for light to travel this distance is the age of the universe in years.

Observations of type Ia supernovae reveal that the expansion of the universe is speeding up because of the presence of ____________________ in empty space.

One explanation of the dark sky Olbers's Paradox is that light can reach us only from objects in space out to a distance in light years _______ the age of the universe in years.

During the first moments of the big bang when elements could be created, nuclear fusion reactions made few heavy elements because

Why is the primordial background radiation visible in all directions?

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

The Origin of the Solar System

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

Exam 14: Modern Cosmology

The elements hydrogen and helium were made during the first few minutes after the big bang.

Most of the elements heavier than helium were made during the first few minutes after the big bang.

The ____________________ is that the universe is both isotropic and homogeneous.

Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created

Possible equations (choose the correct one): τ \tau τ =1012/H; H=v/d. If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

The inflationary theory of the universe may explain why the background radiation is so isotropic.

If a galaxy is located at a distance of 18 Mpc and is found to have recessional velocity of 1170 km/s, what is Hubble's constant based only on this galaxy?

The redshifts of the galaxies imply that the universe is expanding and that we are at the center.

If the average density of the universe is less than the critical density, the universe is open.

How is Olbers's paradox explained?

What observation has prompted astronomers to ponder the possible existence of dark energy?

Why is the cosmic microwave background (CMB) so cold if the early universe was so hot?

Astronomers have found the center of the universe to be located in

The Hubble time is

In the late 1990's, it was discovered from distances of ______in distant galaxies that the expansion of the universe is ___________

Evidence for a very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe is that the 3-K radiation from opposite sides of the sky (180 degrees about 28 billion light years apart) is of nearly ________ intensity. Time for light to travel this distance is ________ the age of the universe in years.

Observations of type Ia supernovae reveal that the expansion of the universe is speeding up because of the presence of ____________________ in empty space.

One explanation of the dark sky Olbers's Paradox is that light can reach us only from objects in space out to a distance in light years _______ the age of the universe in years.

During the first moments of the big bang when elements could be created, nuclear fusion reactions made few heavy elements because

Why is the primordial background radiation visible in all directions?

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

The Origin of the Solar System

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

Possible equations (choose the correct one): $\tau$ =10¹²/H; H=v/d. If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

In the late 1990's, it was discovered from distances of in distant galaxies that the expansion of the universe is _____

Evidence for a very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe is that the 3-K radiation from opposite sides of the sky (180 degrees about 28 billion light years apart) is of nearly intensity. Time for light to travel this distance is the age of the universe in years.