Question 1

Protoplanets

Accepted Answer

A)  grew in size primarily by accretion. 
B)  grew in size primarily by condensation. 
C)  are still visible today as the terrestrial planets. 
D)  grew in size by collecting the particles in the solar wind. 
E)  grew in size by the collision and coalescing of planetesimals. 
A)  grew in size primarily by accretion. 
B)  grew in size primarily by condensation. 
C)  are still visible today as the terrestrial planets. 
D)  grew in size by collecting the particles in the solar wind. 
E)  grew in size by the collision and coalescing of planetesimals.

Question 2

Describe some characteristics that the Jovian planets have in common. Use the solar nebula theory to explain the commonality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some characteristics that the Jovian planets...

Question 3

Protoplanets of the Jovian planets could have grown very hot from

Accepted Answer

A)  heat for the sun. 
B)  radioactivity of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. 
C)  the infall of material at high velocity. 
D)  tidal forces due to the sun. 
E)  collisions with large planetesimals. 
A)  heat for the sun. 
B)  radioactivity of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. 
C)  the infall of material at high velocity. 
D)  tidal forces due to the sun. 
E)  collisions with large planetesimals.

Question 4

How did differentiation and outgassing alter protoplanets?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation and outgassing are two f

Question 5

Outgassing is

Accepted Answer

A)  the adding of material to an object an atom or molecule at a time. 
B)  the adding of material to an object by collection of solid particles. 
C)  the release of gas from rocks as they are heated. 
D)  the largest of the Galilean satellites. 
E)  caused by the bombardment of the solar wind. 
A)  the adding of material to an object an atom or molecule at a time. 
B)  the adding of material to an object by collection of solid particles. 
C)  the release of gas from rocks as they are heated. 
D)  the largest of the Galilean satellites. 
E)  caused by the bombardment of the solar wind.

Question 6

The large planetesimals would have grown faster than the smaller planetesimals because

Accepted Answer

A)  they were moving faster in their orbits than the smaller planetesimals. 
B)  their stronger gravity would pull in more material. 
C)  there was more material located near them that could be accreted. 
D)  the smaller planetesimals were covered by a layer of material that was lost during collisions. 
E)  all of the above. 
A)  they were moving faster in their orbits than the smaller planetesimals. 
B)  their stronger gravity would pull in more material. 
C)  there was more material located near them that could be accreted. 
D)  the smaller planetesimals were covered by a layer of material that was lost during collisions. 
E)  all of the above.

Question 7

Which one of the following objects is most like the planetesimals that formed in the solar nebula?

Accepted Answer

A)  asteroids 
B)  Earth 
C)  Saturn 
D)  Venus 
E)  the sun 
A)  asteroids 
B)  Earth 
C)  Saturn 
D)  Venus 
E)  the sun

Question 8

Describe four effects that helped to clear the solar nebula.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe four effects that helped to clear...

Question 9

The first small solid grains or flakes formed in our solar system by the process of ____, the addition of material to an object an atom or molecule at a time.

Accepted Answer

A)  accretion 
B)  sublimation 
C)  hydration 
D)  condensation 
E)  vaporization 
A)  accretion 
B)  sublimation 
C)  hydration 
D)  condensation 
E)  vaporization

Question 10

The speed of the solar wind is approximately 400 km/s and the distance from the sun to Saturn is 9.5 AU (1 AU = 1.5*108 km). How long does it take a particle in the solar wind to reach Saturn?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 4.1 hours 
B)  about 4.1 days 
C)  about 41 days 
D)  about 4.1 years 
E)  about 41 years 
A)  about 4.1 hours 
B)  about 4.1 days 
C)  about 41 days 
D)  about 4.1 years 
E)  about 41 years

Question 11

What observational evidence do we have that nebulae from which planets could form surround other stars?

Accepted Answer

Observational evidence for the existence

Question 12

Compared to the terrestrial planets, Jovian planets

Accepted Answer

A)  have a higher density. 
B)  have a smaller number of moons. 
C)  have a much larger diameters. 
D)  are much hotter. 
A)  have a higher density. 
B)  have a smaller number of moons. 
C)  have a much larger diameters. 
D)  are much hotter.

Question 13

The oldest rocks found on Earth are about ____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)  14 billion 
B)  10.5 billion 
C)  7.0 billion 
D)  3.9 billion 
A)  14 billion 
B)  10.5 billion 
C)  7.0 billion 
D)  3.9 billion

Question 14

When particles in the solar nebula grew large enough, they stopped growing by accretion and began growing by condensation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A(n) ____________________ hypothesis of the formation of the solar system uses sudden events that drastically alter the form of the early solar system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____________________ hypothesis of the formation of...

Question 16

Which are the oldest solar system objects that have been dated radioactively? What are their ages?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which are the oldest solar system objects...

Question 17

The diagram below illustrates the radioactive decay of Potassium (40K), which has a half-life of 1.3 billion years. If a lunar rock is found that currently contains 5 grams of 40K, and it is determined that the sample contained 20 grams when it was formed, how old is the lunar rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.5 billion years 
B)  19.5 billion years 
C)  2.6 billion years 
D)  3.9 billion years 
E)  4.6 billion years 
A)  6.5 billion years 
B)  19.5 billion years 
C)  2.6 billion years 
D)  3.9 billion years 
E)  4.6 billion years

Question 18

A solar system with a planet's orbit edge-on to Earth may show ____________________ of the light of the star at certain points in the planet's orbit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A solar system with a planet's orbit...

Question 19

An extrasolar planet is

Accepted Answer

A)  a planet that orbits our sun that we have not yet discovered. 
B)  one not needed for the formation of our solar system which is kept in a special area just in case. 
C)  a planet found orbiting around a star other than the sun. 
D)  another name for an asteroid. 
E)  a planet extra close to our sun. 
A)  a planet that orbits our sun that we have not yet discovered. 
B)  one not needed for the formation of our solar system which is kept in a special area just in case. 
C)  a planet found orbiting around a star other than the sun. 
D)  another name for an asteroid. 
E)  a planet extra close to our sun.

Question 20

____ are located beyond the asteroid belt (3 AU) from the sun, have extremely large masses and very low densities.

Accepted Answer

A)  Comets 
B)  Extrasolar planets 
C)  Asteroids 
D)  Terrestrial planets 
E)  Jovian planets 
A)  Comets 
B)  Extrasolar planets 
C)  Asteroids 
D)  Terrestrial planets 
E)  Jovian planets

Protoplanets

Describe some characteristics that the Jovian planets have in common. Use the solar nebula theory to explain the commonality.

Protoplanets of the Jovian planets could have grown very hot from

How did differentiation and outgassing alter protoplanets?

Outgassing is

The large planetesimals would have grown faster than the smaller planetesimals because

Which one of the following objects is most like the planetesimals that formed in the solar nebula?

Describe four effects that helped to clear the solar nebula.

The first small solid grains or flakes formed in our solar system by the process of ____, the addition of material to an object an atom or molecule at a time.

The speed of the solar wind is approximately 400 km/s and the distance from the sun to Saturn is 9.5 AU (1 AU = 1.5*10⁸ km). How long does it take a particle in the solar wind to reach Saturn?

What observational evidence do we have that nebulae from which planets could form surround other stars?

Compared to the terrestrial planets, Jovian planets

The oldest rocks found on Earth are about ____ years old.

When particles in the solar nebula grew large enough, they stopped growing by accretion and began growing by condensation.

A(n) ____________________ hypothesis of the formation of the solar system uses sudden events that drastically alter the form of the early solar system.

Which are the oldest solar system objects that have been dated radioactively? What are their ages?

The diagram below illustrates the radioactive decay of Potassium (⁴⁰K), which has a half-life of 1.3 billion years. If a lunar rock is found that currently contains 5 grams of ⁴⁰K, and it is determined that the sample contained 20 grams when it was formed, how old is the lunar rock?

A solar system with a planet's orbit edge-on to Earth may show ____________________ of the light of the star at certain points in the planet's orbit.

An extrasolar planet is

____ are located beyond the asteroid belt (3 AU) from the sun, have extremely large masses and very low densities.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Modern Cosmology

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

Exam 15: The Origin of the Solar System

Protoplanets

Describe some characteristics that the Jovian planets have in common. Use the solar nebula theory to explain the commonality.

Protoplanets of the Jovian planets could have grown very hot from

How did differentiation and outgassing alter protoplanets?

Outgassing is

The large planetesimals would have grown faster than the smaller planetesimals because

Which one of the following objects is most like the planetesimals that formed in the solar nebula?

Describe four effects that helped to clear the solar nebula.

The first small solid grains or flakes formed in our solar system by the process of ____, the addition of material to an object an atom or molecule at a time.

The speed of the solar wind is approximately 400 km/s and the distance from the sun to Saturn is 9.5 AU (1 AU = 1.5*108 km). How long does it take a particle in the solar wind to reach Saturn?

What observational evidence do we have that nebulae from which planets could form surround other stars?

Compared to the terrestrial planets, Jovian planets

The oldest rocks found on Earth are about ____ years old.

When particles in the solar nebula grew large enough, they stopped growing by accretion and began growing by condensation.

A(n) ____________________ hypothesis of the formation of the solar system uses sudden events that drastically alter the form of the early solar system.

Which are the oldest solar system objects that have been dated radioactively? What are their ages?

The diagram below illustrates the radioactive decay of Potassium (40K), which has a half-life of 1.3 billion years. If a lunar rock is found that currently contains 5 grams of 40K, and it is determined that the sample contained 20 grams when it was formed, how old is the lunar rock?

A solar system with a planet's orbit edge-on to Earth may show ____________________ of the light of the star at certain points in the planet's orbit.

An extrasolar planet is

____ are located beyond the asteroid belt (3 AU) from the sun, have extremely large masses and very low densities.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Modern Cosmology

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

The speed of the solar wind is approximately 400 km/s and the distance from the sun to Saturn is 9.5 AU (1 AU = 1.5*10⁸ km). How long does it take a particle in the solar wind to reach Saturn?

The diagram below illustrates the radioactive decay of Potassium (⁴⁰K), which has a half-life of 1.3 billion years. If a lunar rock is found that currently contains 5 grams of ⁴⁰K, and it is determined that the sample contained 20 grams when it was formed, how old is the lunar rock?